Classical molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are developed to investigate the dopamine and caffeine encapsulation within boron nitride (BN) nanotubes (NT) with (14,0) chirality. Classical MD studies are done at canonical and isobaric-isothermal conditions at 298 K and 1 bar in explicit water. Results reveal that both molecules are attracted by the nanotube; however, only dopamine is able to enter the nanotube, whereas caffeine moves in its vicinity, suggesting that both species can be transported: the first by encapsulation and the second by drag. Findings are analyzed using the dielectric behavior, pair correlation functions, diffusion of the species, and energy contributions. The DFT calculations are performed according to the BLYP approach and applying the atomic base of the divided valence 6-31g(d) orbitals. The geometry optimization uses the minimum-energy criterion, accounting for the total charge neutrality and multiplicity of 1. Adsorption energies in the dopamine encapsulation indicate physisorption, which induces the highly occupied molecular orbital-lower unoccupied molecular orbital gap reduction yielding a semiconductor behavior. The charge redistribution polarizes the BNNT/dopamine and BNNT/caffeine structures. The work function decrease and the chemical potential values suggest the proper transport properties in these systems, which may allow their use in nanobiomedicine.

Based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we analyze the structural and electronic properties of boron phosphide nanotubes (BPNTs) as functions of chirality. The DFT calculations are performed using the M06-2X method in conjunction with the 6-31G(d) divided valence basis set. All nanostructures, (n,0) BPNT (n = 5–8, 10, 12, 14) and (n,n) BPNT (n = 3–11), were optimized minimizing the total energy, assuming a non-magnetic nature and a total charge neutrality. Results show that the BPNT diameter size increases linearly with the chiral index “n” for both chiralities. According to the global molecular descriptors, the (3,3) BPNT is the most stable structure provided that it shows the largest global hardness value. The low chirality (5,0) BPNT has a strong electrophilic character, and it is the most conductive system due to the small |HOMO-LUMO| energy gap. The chemical potential and electrophilicity index in the zigzag-type BPNTs show remarkable chirality-dependent behavior. The increase in diameter/chirality causes a gradual decrease in the |HOMO-LUMO| energy gap for the zigzag BPNTs; however, in the armchair-type BPNTs, a phase transition is generated from a semiconductor to a conductor system. Therefore, the nanostructures investigated in this work may be suggested for both electrical and biophysical applications.

Based on density functional theory (DFT) and the semiempirical method PM7, we analyze the encapsulation process of polluting gases and/or their adsorption on different sites, viz., on the inner wall, the outer wall, and on the boron nitride (BN) nanotube ends, with chirality (7,7) armchair. DFT calculations are performed using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional and the M06-2X method through the 6-31G(d) divided valence orbitals as an atomic basis. Various geometrical configurations were optimized by minimizing the total energy for all analyzed systems, including the calculation of vibrational frequencies, which were assumed to be of a nonmagnetic nature, and where the total charge was kept neutral. Results are interpreted in terms of adsorption energy and electronic force, as well as on the analysis of quantum molecular descriptors for all systems considered. The study of six molecules, namely, CCl 4 , CS 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 , C 4 H 10 , and C 6 H 12 , in gas phase is addressed. Our results show that C 4 H 10 , C 6 H 12 , and CCl 4 are chemisorbed on the inner surfaces (encapsulation) and on the nanotube ends. In contrast, the other molecules CS 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 show weak interaction with the nanotube surface, leading thereby to physisorption. Our findings thus suggest that this kind of polluting gases can be transported within nanotubes by encapsulation.

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First-principles total-energy calculations were performed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of thymine (T) adsorption on pristine and Al-doped two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) surfaces. Periodic density functional theory, as developed in the PWscf code of the quantum espresso package, was applied. The pseudopotential theory was used to deal with electron-ion interactions. The generalized gradient approximation was applied to treat the exchange-correlation energies. Van der Waals interactions were incorporated in the calculations. Considering T as an elongated molecule and the interactions through one oxygen atom of the molecule ring, two geometries were explored in pristine and Al-doped systems: in (1) the ring side O interacts with B, and (2) the O at the molecule end interacting with the B. The pristine case yields (4 × 4-a), (5 × 5-b) and (6 × 6-b) as the ground states, , while the doped system shows (4 × 4-a), (5 × 5-a) and (6 × 6-a) as the ground states. Calculations of the adsorption energies indicate chemisorption. Doping enhances the surface reactivity, inducing larger binding energies. The total density of states (DOS) was calculated and interpreted with the aid of the projected DOS. Below the Fermi energy, the DOS graphs indicate that p orbitals make the largest contributions. Above the Fermi level, the DOS is formed mainly by -s and H-s orbitals. The DOS graphs indicate that the structures have non-semiconductor behavior.

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We present a model of groundwater dynamics under stationary flow and governed by Darcy's Law of water motion through porous media, we apply it to study a 2D aquifer with water table of constant slope comprised of an homogeneous and isotropic media, the more realistic case of an homogeneous anisotropic soil is also considered. Taking into account some geophysical parameters we develop a computational routine, in the Finite Difference Method, that solves the resulting elliptic partial equation, both in a homogeneous isotropic and homogeneous anisotropic media. After calibration of the numerical model, this routine is used to begin a study of the Ayamonte-Huelva aquifer in Spain, a modest analysis of the system is given, we compute the average discharge vector as well as its root mean square as a first predictive approximation of the flux in this system, providing us a signal of the location of best exploitation; long term goal is to develop a complete computational tool for the analysis of groundwater dynamics. * Electronic address: manuel.vazquez@correo.buap.mx † Electronic address: ana.rubio@alumno.buap.mx ‡ Electronic address: isrrael.rodriguez@correo.buap.mx § Electronic address: dolores@ifuap.buap.mx