This study aimed to evaluate the potential development of golden flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under the influence of the application of sources and rates of nitrogen. The experiment was conducted in the field Unioeste, Campus Cascavel, State of Paraná, using the factorial design (2×5) randomized, two nitrogen sources (urea and ammonium sulphate) and five rates of nitrogen (0, 50 , 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1). We evaluated the following characteristics: plant height, fresh (FWP) and dry weight (DWP) of plants, number of stems, number of capsules (NC), fresh and dry weight of capsules (FWC; DWC), 100grain weight and yield (kg ha-1). The urea as nitrogen source had a positive influence on the productivity of flax, which was only influenced depending on the nitrogen source. Nitrogen rates influenced some production components, but not the crop.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the weed competition with different spacings in the culture of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). The experiment was conducted at the Campus of Unioeste-Cascavel, Paraná State, using the split-plot design in which the plots consisted of presence and absence of weeds and subplots consisted of row spacings (0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 m) with six replications. Plant height, number of capsules, stems and seeds per plant and yield (kg.ha-1) were determined. The increase of spacings between rows and the coexistence with the weed community were detrimental to production components of flaxseed.

The definition of the ideal plant population is important for good safflower agricultural management in Brazil, as they are gaining importance as oleaginous plant. Two experiments were conducted in an Rhodic Acrudox in 2014 in Cascavel, PR, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of plant density on growth, yield components and grain yield in safflower oil during autumn and winter seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications and four plant densities per meter (5, 10, 15 and 20 m). Densities of 14 and 16 plants per meter gave greater heights of plants during autumn and winter, accordingly. Increasing densities reduce the number of branches and chapters in autumn, but increase in the productivity of grains and oil. The oil content was improved by cultivating plants in winter, since the population of safflower in winter is higher as compared to fall. In safflower sown in autumn, between 15 and 16 plants per meter was sufficient for maximum grain yield and oil. The oil yield was 15% higher in autumn (992 kg ha-1) as compared to winter (858 kg ha-1

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the planting system and population densities in the culture of flax. The experiment was conducted on the campus of the State University of Paraná, in the year 2012, using the split-plot design, where the main plots were the planting systems (line and haul) and plots the densities (100, 150, 200 and 250 plants/m²). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of plant, number of capsules, fresh and dry mass of the capsules. Yield components of linseed showed a positive increase in the planting line, but did not fit the regressions tested. The increased density of plants/m² was detrimental when the crop was sown by broadcasting.

This work aimed to assess the yield of five forage species subjected to nitrogen (N) levels at three different cutting ages. The experiment was carried out in the city of Santa Tereza do Oeste, at IAPAR's (Agronomic Institute of Paraná) experimental field, by applying a randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme 5×4×3, with five species: common black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb cv. Common), IPR 61 oat (Avena strigosa Schreb cv. IPR 61), Triticale Tpolo 981(Xtriticosecale wittmack), IPR 126 White oat (Avena sativa cv. IPR 126) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.); N levels were (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1); cutting ages were 66, 95 and 116 days after emergence (DAE), with three replications. Dry matter (DM) productivity was assessed in kg ha-1 by cut and total. The common black oat proved to be different from the other forage plants in DM yield, accumulating less quantities of it due to its cycle. The application of nitrogen fertilization to the coverage linearly influenced the ryegrass at 66 DAE and all other species at 116 DAE in a positive manner. Nitrogen did not influence the total accumulation of dry matter of both common black oat and Triticale Tpolo 981.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity of four varieties of soybean grown under both cross-seeding and conventional systems. . Variety VMAX stood out in terms of productivity, regardless of the planting system. The cross-seeding system provided increment of 9.25% in grain yield.

The quality of vegetal residues from crops and green manure can influence the mineralization/immobilization rate of nitrogen and the subsequent utilization of this nutrient by the following crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen rates applied to the cover of summer corn, succeeding winter cover crops under direct drilling system. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replications in a scheme with subdivided plots. The main plot was composed of two crops previous to corn: Common oat (Avena strigosa Schieb), forage turnip (Raphanus sativus) and a fallow area (weed). The subplot consisted of four rates of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1). The production components analyzed were: Ear diameter, rows of grains/ear, mass of 100 grains and yield. Cover crops did not affect the components of corn production. The corn cultivated in succession to forage turnip showed responses to nitrogen fertilization.