Artan nüfus ve gelişen sanayi ile birlikte elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacı günden güne artmaktadır. Bu talebin karşılanması için yeni üretim tesisleri birincil enerji kaynaklarına yakın yerlerde kurulmakta ve iletim şebekesi ile tüketim merkezlerine taşınmaktadır. Özellikle üretim ve tüketim merkezleri arasındaki mesafenin uzun olduğu yerlerde güç transfer kapasitesinin azalması ve güç açısı değerinin büyümesi problemlere neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda uzun iletim hatlarında iletilen aktif gücü artırmak için seri kapasitörler kullanılmaktadır. Seri kapasitörlerin, paralel hatlar arasında yük paylaşımına olanak sağlaması ve sistemin geçici hal kararlılığını artırmaya yardımcı olması şebekeye sağladığı diğer olumlu katkılardır. İletim hatlarına olan bu katkılarının yanında seri kapasitörlerin sistemde koruma görevini yerine getiren mesafe koruma rölelerinin çalışmasını olumsuz etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, seri kapasitörün yüksek gerilimli uzun iletim hatlarının yüklenmesine, şebekenin geçici hal kararlılığına ve mesafe koruma rölelerinin çalışmasına etkisini incelenmek üzere Digsilent PowerFactory programında örnek bir test sistemi oluşturulmuştur. Test sistemi üzerinde yük akış ve kısa devre analizleri yapılarak seri kapasitörlerin iletim sistemi üzerine olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri incelenmiştir. Electrical energy need is increasing day by day along with the developing industry and growing population. New generation facilities are established near the primary energy sources to meet the demand. The generated energy is transported to the load location by transmission lines. Decrease of the power transfer capacity and great value of the power angle cause some problems, especially at the longdistanced places between the generation and the load location. In this context, series capacitors are used to increase transfer capacity on long transmission lines. It is also known that the series capacitors allow load sharing between the parallel lines and improve transient stability of the network. In addition to these positive contributions to the network, the series capacitor affects operation of the distance relay negatively. In this study, a sample test system is modeled by using Digsilent PowerFactory software in order to investigate the effect of series capacitor on loading of long transmission lines, transient stability of the network and operation of distance protection relays. Load flow and short circuit analysis were performed on the test system. The advantages and disadvantages of the series capacitors on the transmission system were investigated.
The difference between proposed algorithm and the other algorithms is that faulted line can be determined in grid. Proposed algorithm works regardless of series capacitor switch on or off. Algorithm can also calculate the location of the fault. Figure A. General view of the studyPurpose: The aim of this study is to eliminate the maloperation of distance relays caused by the capacitor effect in the series-compensated transmission lines. Theory and Methods:In this study, a new fault location algorithm based on wide area monitoring is proposed. The algorithm can determinate the faulted line using K-NN classification method. Radial grid has been created in the Digsilent Power Factory program to test the proposed algorithm. The nominal voltage of the system is 380 kV and the frequency is 50 Hz. Results:The test of proposed algorithm has been done by generating 2-phase, 3-phase, 2-phase to ground and single phase to ground short circuit faults in the radial network. The effect of fault impedance on the algorithm has also been examined setting different fault impedances in all fault types. According to the results, the algorithm has worked properly in determining the faulted line. Conclusion:The operation of distance relays located faulted line and adjacent lines can be rearranged using this algorithm. In this way, it has the potential to solve the negative effects of the series capacitor on the seriescompensated transmission lines.
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