Research aims:The purpose of this study is to examine carbon emission disclosure in moderating the effect of firm size, profitability, and liquidity on the firm value. Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample used in this study was firms engaged in the oil, gas, and coal fields and operating in non-Annex 1 member countries registered in the Osiris database. The study period was following the commencement of the Kyoto Protocol's second commitment from 2015 to 2018. Data analysis in this study used Partial Least Square (PLS) with Warp PLS 4.0 application. Research findings:The study results showed that firm size and liquidity had a positive and significant effect on firm value. However, profitability had a positive and insignificant effect on firm value. Besides, carbon emission disclosure moderated the effect of firm size and profitability on firm value. However, carbon emission disclosure did not moderate the effect of liquidity on firm value. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: This study provides insight that carbon emission disclosure can moderate the effect of firm size and profitability variables on firm value. Practitioner/Policy implication: This study is expected to encourage firms to be more concerned about the environment. Furthermore, the political contribution that can be provided by the results of this study is expected to motivate the government to apply more stringent regulations to firms that have the potential to generate carbon emissions. Research limitation/Implication: Limitation in this study is the amount of data from oil firms, gas, and coal contained in the Osiris database in 2015 until 2018 was very limited.

This research aims to observe the consequences of going concern opinion (GCO) and examine the role of specialist accounting firms for the financial reports of business firms and capital markets. The research is based on an experimental study consisting of 107 undergraduate and graduate students who were asked to act as financial analysts. The GCO consequence for the financial reports of business firms is that the stock price of the corresponding firms will decline, but the decline will be smaller if the financial reports are audited by specialist accounting firms. The GCO consequence for rival firms is that the stock prices of the rival firms will rise if other companies in the same industry receive GCO, but the increase will be smaller if the companies receiving GCO are audited by specialized accounting firms. The GCO consequences of the capital markets is that the stock prices of all companies, the composite index and the market participants will increase, but the presence of a specialized accounting firm has not been proven to strengthen the market participants' willingness to participate further in the stock market.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of companies that voluntarily disclose carbon emissions and to examine the economic consequences of the carbon emissions’ disclosure. Companies used in the sample are oil, gas and coal companies in non-Annex 1 member countries registered in the Osiris database. The observation period was from the commencement of the Kyoto Protocol's second commitment to date, or from 2013 to 2016. Measuring the carbon emissions’ disclosure is achieved by using a checklist developed from an information request sheet from the CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project). An assessment of the extent of the disclosure is made using the content analysis method. Company characteristics are proxied with leverage, profitability and firm age, while the economic consequences are proxied by using bid-ask spreads, the trading volume and share price volatility. The data analysis method used in this research is the Partial Least Square (PLS) method using the WarpPLS 4.0 application. Test results show that leverage, profitability and firm age have a positive effect on the carbon emissions’ disclosure. Furthermore, the test results show that carbon emissions’ disclosures have a positive effect on the trading volume and a negative effect on the bid-ask spreads and share price volatility. The above findings imply that firms with higher leverage, higher profitability and are older are more willing to reveal their carbon emissions’ disclosures. The more information that is contained in a carbon emissions’ disclosure, the more investors are interested in trading that company's shares, while the broader the carbon emissions’ disclosure is, the smaller the bid-ask spread and the less volatile the stock price are.

This research aims to analyze the effect of audit quality, leverage, and growth on earnings management in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Earnings management is defined as management actions interference form in the process of preparing financial statements with a view to improving welfare of personal and to increase the value of company. This research is a quantitative research with secondary data. Sample in this research is manufacturing sector companies listed in BEI (Indonesia Stock Exchange) period 2012-2014. The number of samples used are 74 companies taken through purposive sampling with multiple linear regression analysis as a method of analysis. Results of this research indicate that the quality of audit and growth have a positive and significant impact on earnings management, while leverage has a negative and significant effect on earnings management.