In the framework of various phosphates discharges valorization, we have realized physicochemical and mineralogical characterizations of these discharges. We have undertaken the physicochemical and mineralogical characterizations of this waste by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis and Atomic Emission Spectrometry Coupled to an Inductive Plasma Source. The results of these analyze show that phosphate sludge and screen rejects could be used in ceramics, in the manufacture of aggregates, in agriculture and other fields. On the other hand, rich magnetic waste could be used in heterogeneous photocatalysis in waste liquids treatment.
In order to contribute to the enhancement of local materials, Aklakou clays taken from the quarry and used for pottery have been characterized from a physicochemical and mineralogical point of view. Thus, the samples taken from the quarry were subjected to chemical and mineralogical analyzes. Several qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques were used (chemical analysis, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and analysis by I.R. spectroscopy). These results demonstrated the richness of this quartz clay, resulting in a high proportion of silica (77.62%). This study was therefore essential before any application of this type of clay in the formulation of aggregates and pottery products or even ceramics in the broad sense. We can therefore conclude that the clays mined at the Aklakou quarry are very favorable materials for formulations of pottery products and in other fields such as the formulation of light aggregates.
Aims: Phosphorus and phosphate are broadly used in many areas ranging from advance researches to manufacturing companies for regular use purposes. In Togo, the raw phosphate is exploited and exported to serve as an ingredient in chemical fertilizers, detergents, phosphoric acid synthesis, etc. The aim of the present work is an investigation of alternative valuation of the raw phosphate of Hahotoé-Kpogamé in Togo. Methodology: The study consists of the transformation of the raw phosphate into hydroxyapatite by dissolution followed by a precipitation. The hydroxyapatite thus obtained can be used, for example as a conditioning matrix of industrial waste, as a catalyst support, or for the depollution of water etc. The characterization was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled to Thermal Differential Analysis and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Results: These analyses revealed that the materials are predominantly of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite and minority of phosphate tricalcium and impurities. The synthesized materials (calcined and uncalcined) were applied as adsorbent and as coadsorbent of a photocatalyst (TiO2) for methylene blue removal. The study of the adsorption of the methylene blue was carried out in a batch mode. The adsorption of methylene blue on the synthesized materials gave a low yield (15 to 20%). However, used as in the mixture with titanium dioxide, the adsorption rate of methylen blue was increased significantly (57% of removal rate with 0.5 g synthesized materials + 2 g of TiO2 P25). Conclusion: uncalcined hydroxyapatite obtained from raw phosphate can be used as an efficient co-adsorbent of titanium dioxide leading to an alternative valorization of this natural phosphate.
This study relates to the development of light aggregates from phosphate sludge, rejects to sieves and clays. Three types of aggregates denoted S9, S10 and S11 have been developed. Samples S9 are composed of clay, screenings and phosphate sludge, samples S10 of clay and screenings and samples S11 of clay and phosphate sludge. The influence of temperature and cooking time on the properties (water absorption, density, porosity, etc.) of the aggregates produced was studied, as well as their mineralogical composition. For this purpose, three different cooking temperatures 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C, and two cooking times 30 and 60 min were considered. This study showed that the water absorption of aggregates cooked for 30 min varies between 12.71% and 14.93% while that of aggregates cooked for 60 min varies between 12.78% and 15.16%. The lowest water absorption is observed at the S10 aggregates sintered at 900°C for 30 min while the highest water absorption is observed at the S9 aggregates sintered at 900°C for 60 min. The dry density of aggregates cooked for 30 min varies between 1.27 and 1.68 g/cm 3 while that of aggregates cooked for 60 min varies between 1.75 and 2.13 g/cm 3 . With the exception of S11 aggregates baked at 950 and 1000°C for 60 min, which have their density greater than 2 g/cm 3 , all the others can be considered light aggregates. It should also be noted that the aggregates cooked for 30 min have a lower density than the aggregates cooked for 60 min. The porosity of the aggregates cooked for 30 min varies between 16.30 and 20%, on the other hand the aggregates cooked for 60 min varies between 19.06 and 23.64%. X-ray diffraction analysis of the aggregates shows that they are mainly composed of fluoroapatite, quartz, hematite and plagioclases (albite, labradorite, and anorthite). The study also showed that the amount of quartz and fluoroapatite decrease with temperature. On the basis of the physical and mineralogical analysis carried out on the light aggregates, we could find them suitable for agricultural applications, especially their uses as substrates in hydroponics, in greenhouse cultivation in general, and in gardening.
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