Purpose The experience of most European Union (EU) Member States has demonstrated effective anti-corruption practices, making the EU one of the leaders in this field, which can be used as an example to learn from in the field of anti-corruption. The purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the main features of anti-corruption legislation and strategies to prevent corruption at the national and supranational levels of the EU. Design/methodology/approach The following methods were used in the work: discourse and content analysis, method of system analysis, method of induction and deduction, historical-legal method, formal-legal method, comparative-legal method and others. Using the historical and legal method, the evolution of the formation of anti-corruption regulation at the supranational level was revealed. The comparative law method helped to compare the practices of the Member States of the EU in the field of anti-corruption regulation. The formal-legal method is used for generalization, classification and systematization of research results, as well as for the correct presentation of these results. Findings The main results, prospects for further research and the value of the material. The paper offers a critical review of key EU legal instruments on corruption, from the first initiatives taken in the mid-1990s to recent years. Originality/value In addition, the article analyzes the relevant anti-corruption legislation in the EU member states that are in the top 10 countries with the lowest level of corruption, namely: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
The article analyzes current threats to the national security of Ukraine in the field of information on the basis of the analysis of the present doctrine and normative-legal documents. Considering the results of the Ukrainian legislation analysis and a number of scientific researches the author concludes about the absence of a unified approach to determine and comprehend the category of a “threat to the national security of Ukraine in the field of information”, that is sometimes interpreted as a threat to information security, cyber threat, etc. The threats to the national security in the field of information of Ukraine are viewed as determining factors, generating a number of negative phenomena that can affect the national security and interests in related sphere, organization and functioning of the national information space on the whole. Such threats to Ukraine’s national security can be both of the national or international significance, related to the risks and challenges in other vitally important spheres. Therefore, their content and forms of manifestation should be borne on mind to effectively counteract their emergence and localization. Under current conditions, the information security of Ukraine directly depends on the high-quality management of the system of countering threats to the national security in the information sphere and effective protection of national interests under the guidance of authorized entities. One of the state’s primary tasks for today is the creation and development of a stably functioning mechanism to ensure the national security of Ukraine in the field of information for the counteraction to existing threats and prevention of potential ones. The efficiency of such a counteraction depends on the authorized bodies’ capabilities to timely and accurately detect the threats to the national security in the field of information, recognize and point out their sources, influence them in order to prevent offensive and harmful consequences. The article analyzes current threats to the national security of Ukraine in the field of information on the basis of the analysis of the present doctrine and normative-legal documents. Considering the results of the Ukrainian legislation analysis and a number of scientific researches the author concludes about the absence of a unified approach to determine and comprehend the category of a “threat to the national security of Ukraine in the field of information”, that is sometimes interpreted as a threat to information security, cyber threat, etc. The threats to the national security in the field of information of Ukraine are viewed as determining factors, generating a number of negative phenomena that can affect the national security and interests in related sphere, organization and functioning of the national information space on the whole. Such threats to Ukraine’s national security can be both of the national or international significance, related to the risks and challenges in other vitally important spheres. Therefore, their content and forms of manifestation should be borne on mind to effectively counteract their emergence and localization. Under current conditions, the information security of Ukraine directly depends on the high-quality management of the system of countering threats to the national security in the information sphere and effective protection of national interests under the guidance of authorized entities. One of the state’s primary tasks for today is the creation and development of a stably functioning mechanism to ensure the national security of Ukraine in the field of information for the counteraction to existing threats and prevention of potential ones. The efficiency of such a counteraction depends on the authorized bodies’ capabilities to timely and accurately detect the threats to the national security in the field of information, recognize and point out their sources, influence them in order to prevent offensive and harmful consequences.
The article highlights the current problematic aspects of formation of the organizational and legal principles for cryptocurrency circulation, as well as the threats posed by their uncontrolled circulation, identifies the main areas of improvement of its legislative regulation. It was concluded about the necessity of international standards implementation for regulating activities in the field of creation and circulation of cryptocurrencies, their control and monitoring, identification and investigation of related illegal activities, establishment of public-private partnership and development of international cooperation in this area. The experience of EU countries in determining the legal status of cryptocurrency is highlighted. The new edition of the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention and Counteraction to Legalization (Laundering) of Proceeds of Crime, Financing Terrorism and Financing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction» is analyzed, the content of which provides a number of innovations for organizing monitoring of the use of virtual (digital) assets as a means of calculating and combating money laundering money and terrorism financing using cryptocurrency. Legislative innovations of implementation of the updated FATF recommendations on counteraction to money laundering and financing of terrorism with use of cryptocurrencies are covered: improvement of the state policy in the field of counteraction to use of cryptocurrencies in illegal activity is necessary; coordination of work of controlling and law enforcement bodies of Ukraine on counteraction to use of cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes and their interaction competent authorities of foreign states; the latest forms and methods of detection and termination of activities related to the use of cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes; analysis of potential risks and threats of using cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes; blocking the propaganda of the possibility of using cryptocurrencies as a means of payment in illegal activities and to finance its various forms; conducting legal work with the target audience on the inadmissibility of using cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes and the necessity of immediate informing the authorities about the identified cases.
Економiка та держава № 3/2019 30 ПОСТАНОВКА ПРОБЛЕМИ На сьогодні туризм є однією із провідних, високоприбуткових та найбільш динамічних галузей світового господарства. Протягом останніх 10 років світові тем-УДК 338.48
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