The purpose of this review was to develop the comprehensive conception of the hippocampus role in the functioning of human memory, based on data obtained by analysis of the latest scientific literature on the topic and make recommendations for further ways of researches in this topic. The scientific literature of the last 5 years on the role of the hippocampus in memory functioning was analyzed.Based on the reviewed literature, we made the next conclusions: the hippocampus is an extremely important for memory structure with various connections for different types of memory; the hippocampus is affected by a variety of substances, most studied now are glucocorticosteroids, whose effect on memory differs depending on the start time of action; the hippocampus volume in mental disorders affecting memory is less than normal, which makes it an important diagnostic criterion; at the moment, various promising methods that can help in the therapy of PTSD, depression, phobias and other disorders associated with memory impairment and based on the knowledge of the hippocampus for the treatment of memory disorders are being developed. Based on these conclusions and data, which were analyzed, we offered the following recommendations: to implement the hippocampal function examination in the diagnostics of mental disorders, which are accompanied by a violation of its work; to use the size of the hippocampus as one of the prognostic factors for the severity of the memory-associated disorders and the therapy progress; to carefully investigate the difference in the effect of various psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies on the hippocampus to determine exactly which of the therapies is the most morphologically reasonable; to find out how significant the decrease in the hippocampal volume is for the memory functioning; to use pathogenetically and morphologically based methods to improve the function of the hippocampus in the treatment of disorders that are accompanied by memory problems.Роль гіпокампа в роботі пам'яті: сучасний поглядМета роботи -розробити всебічну концепцію ролі гіпокампа у функціонуванні пам'яті людини на основі даних, що отри-мані під час аналізу новітньої наукової літератури з цієї теми, а також виробити рекомендації для дальших досліджень у цій області. Аналізувалась наукова література останніх 5 років про роль гіпокампа у функціонуванні пам'яті.Висновки. Гіпокамп є дуже важливою структурою пам'яті зі зв'язками, які відрізняються для різних типів пам'яті. На гіпокамп впливають різні речовини, найбільш вивченими серед них нині є глюкокортикостероїди, дія яких на пам'ять відрізняється залежно від часу початку їхньої дії. Розмір гіпокампа при психічних розладах, що впливають на пам'ять, менше норми, що робить його важливим діагностичним критерієм. Зараз розробляються різні перспективні методи, що можуть допомогти в терапії посттравматичного стресового розладу, депресії, фобій та інших розладів, котрі пов'язані з погіршенням пам'яті та засновані на знанні гіпокампа для лікування розладів пам'яті. На підставі цих вис...
Introduction Healthcare professionals report about anxiety, depression, and fear during pandemic COVID-19 worldwide. Resilience becomes the high-powered important mechanism that reduces stress impact on the emotional state of healthcare professionals.ObjectivesWe suggested that effective resilience is associated with less COVID-19’s fear, as well as less anxiety, and depression; healthcare professionals’ mental health depends on age, gender, as well as involvement in the care of patients with COVID-19.Methods211 healthcare professionals participated in the study and were evaluated with the Connor-Davidson Resilience 10-item scale (CD-RISC-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale, PHQ-9, GAD-7.Results A negative correlation between resilience and fear of COVID-19 (p≤0,01), anxiety (p≤0,01), and depression (p≤0,001) was found. Positive correlations were found between depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 (p≤0,001), between age and fear of COVID-19 (p≤0,05). No statistically significant association between age and depression, anxiety, or resilience was found. The significant difference of COVID-19 fear depending on gender – female vs male (p≤0,05) was found. No statistically significant difference in resilience and emotional state in healthcare professionals depending on the involvement in the care of patients with COVID-19 were found.Conclusions Resilience is associated with better mental health in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety and depression are connected with the fear of COVID-19 and highly comorbid in healthcare professionals. The elder age and female gender are among the risk factors for a more deteriorated mental state. Fear of COVID-19, mental state, and resilience are not associated with healthcare professionals’ involvement in the care of patients with COVID-19.
Researchers argue that rehabilitation interventions which cultivate resilience may potentiate the effect of standard treatment and promote the readaptation of veterans with traumatic brain injury. At the same there is a lack of such interventions. The objective of the article was to investigate the efficacy of two-step resilience-oriented intervention for veterans with traumatic brain injury in remote period. We hypothesized that, compared with patients who received standardized treatment and rehabilitation in inpatient setting, those who received standardized treatment plus TROI would report increase in resilience effectiveness and positive outcomes, as well as reduced clinical symptoms. A total of 146 veterans with traumatic brain injury were enrolled into a randomized controlled trial either into intervention group, which received two-step resilience-oriented intervention and standard treatment and rehabilitation or to control group, which received only standard treatment and rehabilitation. Psychometric measures were administered at baseline, post-treatment, and 3 months follow-up. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5), Chaban Quality of Life Scale (CQLS) were used to assess the treatment effectiveness. A linear mixed effect modelling was used to model each outcome. Improvements in all outcomes at post-treatment were observed in both intervention and TAU groups. After adjusting for the baseline cognitive performance, gender, brain injury clinical type and time since last trauma, the intervention group demonstrated more favorable score on CD-RISC, MoCA, PCL-5, PANAS while demonstrating no clinically significant improvement in NSI, HADS and CQLS at both post-treatment and follow-up. Difference between groups in resilience-related outcomes like positive affect and quality of life only increased throughout time, making a good follow-up prognosis. In summary, targeting cognitive and emotional factors in a single psychological intervention improves the resilience in veterans with traumatic brain injury, making veterans more adaptable and more effective in managing both persistent clinical symptoms and comorbid post-traumatic stress. Adding such resilience-oriented program to the standard inpatient treatment and rehabilitation provides improvement in clinical outcomes and better prognoses than just following usual treatment strategies.
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