The aim of our research was to determine the degree of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of bull-sires daughters in the Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, estimated by linear traits that characterize the conformation type of cows. The experimental base of research was information on the linear classification of first-calf cows of Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the PE "Burynske" breeding farm in Pidlisnivskyi department of Sumy district. The estimation of the first-calf cows by type was carried out using the method of linear classification by two systems: 9-point, with a linear description of 18 conformation traits and 100-point including four complexes of breeding traits that characterize: dairy type, body, limbs and udder. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1 and K2) cows of selection groups for linear traits of the conformation were determined according to formulas proposed by Yu. P. Polupan (2005). The level of phenotypic consolidation daughters of bull-sires estimated by group conformation traits indicated that regardless of the origin, phenotypic consolidation coefficients by overall type assessment had a positive value with a wide variability of coefficient K1 from 0.056 to 0.512 and coefficient K2 – from 0.065 to 0.505. Among all estimated by phenotypic consolidation bulls, less consolidated by group linear traits were found sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed – Motuzok and Front. Among sires of Holstein breed the best by group traits and overall assessment of the type were: V. Delight (K1 = 0.242-0.334; K2 = 0.247-0.349); D. Capris (K1 = 0.085-0.341; K2 = 0.089-0.348) and Hayes (K1 = 0.071-0.375; K2 = 0.082-0.370). From the sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed the Iceberg was the best (К1 = 0.059-0.478; К2 = 0.047-0.472). Magnitude of the degree phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits of linear estimation daughters of bull-sires, regardless of origin, differed significantly by higher variability in comparison with group traits. Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation calculated by the formula K1, varied according to the bull-sires assessment from -0.434 (teats length of Iceberg daughters) to 0.504 (rump angle of Milliam daughters). The higher variability of phenotypic consolidation coefficients was revealed according to the formula K2, whose level varied from -0.571 (udder depth of Lyubimy's daughters) to 0.546 (angularity of Milliam daughters). By the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits K1 and K2, there wasn't found no one bull-sire only with positive values. The most consolidated for overwhelming majority of descriptive traits were the bulls-sires of Holstein breed – Lauer, Toprate and Milliam. The highest consolidation of descriptive traits had all daughters of bulls by angularity with the highest number of positive values of coefficients. The presence of a genetic influence of bull-sires on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of the majority of linear traits of daughters with a significant advantage of Holstein producers was established.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕКСТЕР'ЄРУ КОРІВ-ПЕРВІСТОК СУМСЬКОГО ВНУТРІШНЬО-ПОРОДНОГО ТИПУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЧОРНО-РЯБОЇ МОЛОЧНОЇ ПОРОДИ, ОЦІНЕНИХ ЗА МЕТОДИКОЮ ЛІНІЙНОЇ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ А. В. ЛОБОДА, Д. О. БАРДАШ Сумський національний аграрний університет (Суми, Україна) Визначено особливості екстер'єрного типу корів-первісток сумського внутрішньопородного типу української чорно-рябої молочної породи провідного селекційного стада Сумського регіону, оцінених за методикою лінійної класифікації. Встановлено рівень оцінки групових та описових ознак екстер'єру і ступінь їхньої внутрішньостадної мінливості. Встановлено зв'язок між фінальною оцінкою за тип та надоєм за першу лактацію. Ключові слова: українська чорно-ряба молочна порода, екстер'єрний тип, лінійна оцінка The traits of the conformation type of firstborn cows of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White breed of the leading breeding flocks in Sumy region, estimated by the method of linear classification, were determined. The level of assessment of group and descriptive conformation traits and the degree of their intra-herd variability has been determined. The relationship was found between the final score for type and milk yield in the first lactation. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, conformation type, linear estimation ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКСТЕРЬЕРА КОРОВ-ПЕРВОТЕЛОК СУМСКОГО ВНУТРИПОРО-ДНОГО ТИПА УКРАИНСКОЙ ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ МОЛОЧНОЙ ПОРОДЫ, ОЦЕНЕН-НЫХ ПО МЕТОДИКЕ ЛИНЕЙНОЙ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ А. В. Лобода, Д. А. Бардаш Сумской национальный аграрный университет (Сумы, Украина) Определены особенности экстерьерного типа коров-первотелок сумского внутрипородного типа украинской черно-пестрой молочной породы ведущего селекционного стада Сумского региона, оцененных по методике линейной классификации. Установлен уровень оценки групповых и описательных признаков экстерьера и степень их внутристадной изменчивости. Установлена связь между финальной оценкой типа и удоем за первую лактацию. Ключевые слова: украинская черно-пестрая молочная порода, экстерьерный тип, линейная оценка У практичній селекції великої рогатої худоби екстер'єрний тип тварини визначається за будовою тіла, її екстер'єрно-конституціональними особливостями, які вказують на напрямок продуктивності тварини. Якщо конкретизувати це поняття у визначені, то тип -це фенотиповий прояв спадковості, виражений морфофункціональними особливостями екстер'єру у зв'язку із спеціалізацією продуктивності та реактивної здатності організму тварин [30,31]. Упродовж досить тривалого періоду в усьому світі процес створення нових та удосконалення існуючих порід ведеться з розробкою уявлення про модельний тип, який визначається тією чи
The leading farms of the Sumy region studied the peculiarities of the growth of repair heifers of Ukrainian Black-and-White (PZ PE "Burynske") and Red-and-White (LLC "Mlynivskyi complex") dairy breeds. The absolute and relative indicators of live weight gain of heifers in the age dynamics from birth to 18 months of age were studied. Heifers of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed (36.2 kg) were the best in terms of live weight at birth in comparison with the peers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed (33.9 kg). Their advantage persisted during the 18-month growing period. Repair heifers of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed at the final stage of development with an average live weight of 414.2 kg exceeded the peer of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed with a highly reliable difference of 15.5 kg (P <0.001). The development of repair heifers of both breeds within the obtained live weight indicators ensured their increase at the time of mating age at the level of 76-80% of the minimum target standards set for the first-born cows of dairy type of the created breeds. The average daily gains in live weight in the milk period averaged 810.4 g in heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, and 847.3 g in their peers of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, the highest in the animals of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed herd LLC "Mlynivsky complex". The results of research showed that with the creation of appropriate conditions for feeding and keeping repair heifers of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White dairy breeds were capable of high growth intensity.
Л. М. ХМЕЛЬНИЧИЙ, Д. О. БАРДАШ, О. І. КЛИМЕНКО, Л. В. БОНДАРЧУК Сумський національний аграрний університет (Суми, Україна) khmelnychy@ukr.net Проведено дослідження з вивчення екстер'єру корів-первісток української червоно-рябої молочної породи у стаді підприємства ТОВ «Млинівський комплекс» (с. Погожа Криниця Роменської філії Сумської області) за основними промірами та індексами будови тіла. За результатами досліджень встановлено, що за показниками промірів корови-первістки характеризуються відмінним розвитком будови тіла, а рівень індексів свідчать про позитивну динаміку формування екстер'єру тварин на сучасному етапі селекції у напрямку молочного типу. Ключові слова: українська червоно-ряба молочна порода, екстер'єр, проміри, індекси The research was conducted to study the exterior of the first-calf cows of the Ukrainian Redand-White dairy breed in the herd of enterprise LLC "Mlyniv complex" (v. Pohozha Krynytsia, Romny branch of Sumy region) by major measurements and body structure indices. According to the results of research, it was found that based on measurements of first-calf cows characterized by excellent development of the body structure and the level of indices indicates about positive dynamics of the exterior of animals formation at the present stage of selection in the direction of dairy type.
Research of first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy breeds by linear traits was carried out. Research was conducted at the enterprises of the "Ukrlendfarminh" company: PE "Burynske" of Pidlisnivskoho Branch of Sumy District and LLC "Mlynivsky Complex" of Romny Branch of Sumy Region. According to the 100-point linear classification system, an interbreed difference was determined with the best indicators of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed. The average scores of both breeds for the group traits and final assessment ranged from "good with plus" (80–84 scores). According to the estimation of group traits of dairy type, the predominance of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed over Red-and-White was 1.3 scores (P <0.001); according to assess the condition of limbs and hooves, the difference was in favor of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed with a difference of 1.3 scores (P <0.001). The best developed udder was found in cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, which outperformed the peers of Ukrainian Red-and-White one by 1.4 scores with high reliability (P <0.001). As a result, the final score was higher in cows of Ukrainian black-and-White Dairy breed (83.0 scores) with a slight but significant superiority of peers Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, which was 0.4 scores (P <0.01). The developmental level of 18 descriptive traits of cows showed their considerable variability both within breeds and within each breed. In general, the evaluated animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed are characterized by well-pronounced height (6.3 scores), body depth (7.2 scores), angularity (6.8 scores), slope (5.1 scores) and rear width (6,5 scores), front udder parts attachment (6.5 scores), central ligament (6.4 scores) and udder depth (6.6 scores). The first-born cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed have better developed chest in width (6.9 scores) and body depth (7.5 scores), stronger hooves (6.4 scores). The conformation of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed had a good characteristic of descriptive traits that determined their milkiness and for Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed – strength. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, linear assessment, conformation, type, milk productivity.
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