In recent years, the natural and economic situation in the Republic of Crimea has developed in such a way that the amount of available water resources is less than the amount of water necessary for the socioeconomic development of the peninsula. This article considers one of the main water management hazards for the territory of Crimea: a lack of water. The aim of this study was to assess the water deficit and determine ways to minimize the impact of risk exposures on the population, the economy and the ecosystem as a whole. Options are provided to ensure that (1) the water economic complex supplies water to consumers in sufficient quantity and quality, and (2) the ecological status of water bodies is maintained at a high level. For example, local wastewater treatment and desalination of sea water can be used in agro-industry and the water economic complex both for individual agricultural producers and for large enterprises. The economic efficiency of the use of technologies to reduce the environmental threats of the water economic complex was assessed using technologies to increase water availability. The analysis of the quality of water resources is given, and options for improving the indicators of raw water-pipe water are proposed.
Abstract. This paper is dedicated to the Gulf of Cheboksary. The gulf has an important recreational and decorative function. It has been an integral part of the urban landscape for several decades. There is an eutrophication process, accompanied by the development of blue-green algae and the appearance of an odour in early spring, despite the water quality improvement measures. Measures that will improve the water exchange in the Gulf are proposed in this paper. Problems with the sanitary condition of the water body can occur without taking these measures. Therefore, the theme of this research is quite urgent.
The computer simulation of the structural material is required to study the stress-strain state of the structural material of the high-pressure hull (in particular, the heat accumulator body). Laboratory experiment requires significant financial expenses, which is a significant drawback of this type of study. Therefore, the authors considered finite element modeling of structural material by adapting modern software systems for calculating the considered models. A modern design solution for high-pressure hulls of heat accumulators made of non-prestressed reinforced concrete involves the usage of heavy reinforcement cement as a structural material. The proposed method allows gaining rather certain calculations avoiding time-consuming laboratory research.
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