For mowing grass during harvesting of hay or haylage, support-free mowers with rotary movement of knives are used mainly, the productivity of which is much greater than segment-finger mowers. Free-cutting cutting apparatuses with rotational movement of knives happen with their rotation around the vertical (rotary) and horizontal (rotary) axes. Mowers that are equipped with rotary cutting devices significantly grind grass, so they are used in mower-grinders and lawn mowers. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the methodology for calculating the structural and kinematic parameters of rotary cutting devices, corresponding to the conditions of their use. The main parameters characterizing the operation of rotary cutting devices are: area, mows than in one revolution of the disk; knife working length; overlapping knives of adjacent rotors; cutting speed. In determining the basic parameters of the rotary cutting apparatus of the mower, the following assumptions were made. It was believed that the angular speed of the rotor and the translational speed of the mower are unchanged, and the movement of the unit is straightforward. In addition, the cutting apparatus performs mowing in a plane parallel to the soil surface, that is, in a plane perpendicular to most plant stems. It is shown that the absolute speed of any point of the knife varies from the maximum value equal to the sum of the peripheral speed of this point and the aggregation speed of the mower, to the minimum - the difference of the above speeds. It was found that the working length of the cutting edge of the knife is directly proportional to the speed of aggregation of the mower and inversely proportional to the angular velocity of the rotor and the number of knives mounted on it. The overlap of the path of the knives of adjacent rotors depends on the radius of the rotor; the number of knives mounted on it and the kinematic mode of operation of the cutting apparatus. Moreover, an increase in the radius of the rotor requires an increase in overlap, and an increase in the kinematic mode and the number of knives leads to a decrease in the overlap between the paths of the knives. The resulting dependence, which allows you to determine the area, mows than in one revolution of the rotor.
The article presents the program and methodology for conducting experimental studies of the dynamics of the tracked movement of loading and transport machines in the applied program package "Universal mechanism" using module "tracked vehicles". Presents the objectives of the auxiliary and the main dynamic experiments. Auxiliary experiments serve the purpose of calculation of determining the initial state of tracked loading and transport machines and training perform basic experiments. The main experiments designed to study the dynamic properties of the tracked loading-transport machines. The list of dynamic experiments including experiments on: equilibrium; the tension of the caterpillars; the calculation of initial velocities; the vertical pumping; the linear progression; the control without feedback; tests with the operator (driver). The article describes the steps which are needed to prepare a simulation model of the crawler handling machine before performing dynamic experiments. Examples are given of the parameters of the irregularities and white-the path on which will move the simulation model tracked the loading and transport machines during the experiments. Presents fragments model the motion of a tracked loading-transport machines. The proposed program and methodology for conducting experimental research, tracked loading and transport machines in the applied software package that allows the design stage to quickly conduct a number of virtual dynamic experiments with the aim of finding operating points, accelerations and loads in the various elements of the machine (primarily in the elements of cater-pillar tracks). This will make it possible in the course of virtual experiments to find the optimal parameters of construction elements tracked loading and transport machines at the design stage that will allow the prototype cars with the least modifications to work in the given natural-production conditions.
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