Introduction. Presently, the evaluation of underground railways in regional cities of Russia enjoys little attention in the research literature. We have assessed the relationship between passenger flows of underground railways in regional Russian cities and the number of residents within walking distance of the stations. This will allow understanding the potential development of underground railways and the future uses of existing networks towards a sustainable urban environment convenient for each resident. Materials and methods. The evaluation of the relationship was conducted retrospectively using the regression analysis method. The annual passenger flow of underground railways was chosen as a dependent variable, as it is less affected by random factors, compared to average daily variables. The living space of buildings within walking distance of underground railway stations was taken as an independent variable. Major social factors that may influence passenger flows were also taken into account. Results. For the period from the opening of the underground railway to the present day, the relationship between living spaces within walking distance of underground railway stations and passenger flows was identified for Ekaterinburg and Kazan. From 2005 to 2019, the relationship has been tracked for Novosibirsk with account taken of the effect of the benefit monetization reform and restrictive measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This dependence has not been identified for Samara and Nizhny Novgorod. The radii of walking distances from the stations, having the greatest impact on the passenger traffic, were identified for several cities. Conclusions. The residential function is not a universal factor determining passenger flows of underground railways in regional Russian cities. Social factors, affecting large segments of the population, such as monetization reforms, have a substantial effect. Further research is planned to evaluate other factors that influence passenger flows of underground railways in Samara and Nizhny Novgorod.
Introduction. The distribution of residential and business functions density in relation to walking distances to metro stations was considered to determine their relationship with annual metro passenger flows. The aim of the study was to identify common dependencies typical for regional cities, including Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Samara. Understanding dependencies that determine metro passenger flows will help to identify optimal strategies for development of offstreet transport in regional cities. Materials and methods. Open source data were used. Data on annual passenger metro traffic were provided by metro operators and the International Metro Association. The method of regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship. The information was prepared and visualized using QGIS and Python. Results. A positive correlation was identified between the density of residential areas and annual metro passenger flows as a result of the total evaluation of all cities. When evaluating the business function, the authors found that the greatest concentration of the number of corporate entities in the cities was focused in their administrative centres, or central business districts. A negative correlation between the average distance from all metro stations to administrative centres of cities (ACC), railway stations and annual metro passenger traffic was identified. Multiregression analysis showed that in all cities annual metro passenger flows were 69–90 % determined by the density of residential areas within walking distance of metro stations and the average distance from metro stations to ACC and the railway station. Independent variables are not multicollinear with each other. Conclusions. A strong dependence between annual metro passenger flows and residential or business functions was obtained. These results describe the dependence characteristic of all regional cities that have metros. This information can be used to evaluate the prospects for the development of offstreet transport in regional cities of Russia in the process of updating their master plans. The direction for further research is to evaluate the contribution of the residential function to metro passenger flows separately for each radius of walking distance of stations.
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