Abstract. Herawati E, Ramadhan R, Ariyani F, Marjenah, Kusuma IW, Suwinarti W, Mardji D, Amirta R, Arung ET. 2021. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms growing in tropical regions. Biodiversitas 22: 4716-4721. This study aims to determine the presence of secondary metabolites which generally have bioactivity that is antioxidant with phytochemical tests and antioxidant tests in Auricularia auricula, Schyzophyllum commune, Microporus xanthopus, and Trametes versicolor fungi that grow in the wild. Phytochemical analysis was carried out by testing color changes and modifications, while antioxidant tests were carried out by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a DPPH solution (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). This research found that edible wood fungus that grows, wild such as A. auricula, contains secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins, but does not contain steroids, alkaloids, carotenoids, or coumarin, while S. commune contains secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and coumarin, but does not contain triterpenoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, or saponins and non-edible wood fungus, such as M. xanthopus, contains secondary metabolites, namely, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin, and steroids, but does not contain triterpenoids, alkaloids, or carotenoids, while T. versicolor contains compounds, secondary metabolites, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, coumarin, and triterpenoids, but does not contain steroids, alkaloids, or carotenoids. The antioxidant test results are based on IC50 calculations; it is known that the IC50 value of A. auricula is 499.25 g/mL, while S. commune is 121.37 g/mL, M. xanthopus is 251.20 g/mL, and T. versicolor is 493.04 g/mL. Based on the research results, edible and inedible wood mushroom extracts contain several phytochemicals and show potential for antioxidant activity.
The objective of the present study was to examine the growth responses of Acacia mangium (mangium) and Paraserianthes falcataria (sengon) seedlings growing on different soil origin under nursery condition. This study was started in September 2012 and terminated in March 2013. The seedlings were grown from seeds sown in a plastic box filled with sterilized sands. One week after sowing, the seedlings were transplanted into polybags contained sterilized soils originated from secondary forest, Imperata cylindrica grassland and ex-coal mining. The number of all seedlings were 180 seedlings consisted of 3 different soils, 2 species of seedlings with 10 seedlings replicated 3 times. Assessment was conducted one week after transplanting, then subsequently monitored every 2 weeks, except dry weighing and counting nodules were performed at the end of the study. A completely randomized design was used in this study. The data was analyzed using Costat software. The study resulted that the different of soil origin influenced on all growth variables of mangium and sengon of 4.5 months old. The survival rate of seedlings, height and diameter increments, dry weight and root nodules were better in both species of seedlings growing on soil originated from secondary forest and Imperata grassland compared with the soil from ex-coal mining. But the survival rates of sengon seedlings were higher than that of mangium on these three soils. The highest dry weight of sengon seedlings was achieved on soil originated from secondary forest. In the present study, soil originated from secondary forest increased more in weight of shoot than root, so that the shoot-root ratio was unbalanced more than one. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that soil from secondary forest and Imperata grassland can be used as growing media for mangium and sengon seedlings in the nursery.
The purposes of this study were to determine symptoms and signs of black spot disease on mangium plants of 6 months old, frequency of the attacks and their effects on physiological processes of affected phyllode (amount of chlorophyll, transpiration, evaporation and water potential of phyllode). Fieldwork was conducted in the research plots measuring 25 m x 25 m) in mangium plantation. Observed plants were 6 months old amounted to 104 plants at a spacing of 3 m x 2 m, the seedlings were originated from Riau Islands. Plants were observed in the census in research plots .The results showed that the black spot disease was caused by a fungus Meliola brisbanensis with symptoms of black spots on phyllode, where the spots occured more on the upper surface than the lower surface. Other than phyllode, young part of the stem was also attacked. Attacked phyllode changed in color from green to yellow (chlorotic). Frequency of attacks on plot of 6 months old was 62.5%. The amount of chlorophyll in phyllode attacked by black spot fungus was 40.8 Spad. Transpiration velocity had the value of 1284.26 gr/dm 2 /second, evaporation rate of 0.00019 µgcm 2 /minute. Water
Sugiarto, Boer C, Mardji D. 2016. Species diversity of cerambycid beetles at reclamation area of coal mining in Berau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 200-207. Longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) are amongst the most popular beetle families and hence lots of research has been carried out on the family. However, the presence of this beetle in the reclamation area of PT Berau Coal has not been investigated yet. PT Berau Coal is a coal company that has long been operated. In the former mining areas have been planted with reclamation plants. The study was carried out to determine the cerambycid beetle species diversity in three sites of the reclamation area, mainly Lati (L), Sambarata (S) and Binungan (B). This is the first report of cerambycid beetles diversity at areclamation area of PT Berau Coal. This study reveals a total of 16, 19 and 22 species with 100, 140 and 192 individuals respectively. Calculation with Simpson’s diversity index (1-D) resulted in highly index of biodiversity, namely 0.90, 0.89 and 0.89 respectively. These highly index of diversity is likely due to varied types of vegetation and distance from natural forest to study sites is relatively close. There were seven species respectively dominant at Lati and Sambarata reclamation areas, while at Binungan were six species.Simpson’s evenness index of Lati was the highest, followed by Sambarata and Binungan, that were 0.64, 0.53 and 0.41, respectively. This differences might be influenced by the ability of each beetle species to move to other habitats. Jaccard’s similarity indices at the three sites were relatively same; they were L with S = 0.45, L with B = 0.46 and S with B = 0.46. The similarity index reflects similar environmental conditions of the three study sites. From the viewpoint of nature conservation, it is concluded that post-mining areas canplay a key role in the conservation of beetle diversity since they are as new habitat for beetles species whose original habitats are now in critical condition due to human impact. An important task for future management of post-mining areas is to maintain successional processes and to prevent loss of habitat diversity through revegetation.
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