The present survey was carried out in the Mayo-Kani Division. It aimed to bring out the present state, the ecological characterization and the sustainable methods of overexploited savannas, gallery forests, afforestated and sacred savannas. Structured and semi structured interviews were realized with 140 people, including the local populations and the authorities within the Delegation of Forests and Fauna, the Delegation of Environment and Protection of Nature, and the council authorities of the Mayo-Kani Division. The inventory of the vegetation was performed on the placettes of 20 m of radius for the trees and 5 m of radius for the bushes. The analysis of the data with the help of the software Excel, STATGRAPHICS Plus 5.0 and XLSTAT showed that the overexploited savannas and the gallery forests are highly threatened with a very alarming regression rate because of anthropical activities. The persons responsible for these primordial threats are the agriculturists (96 %) and the exploiters of nontimber forest products (89 %). The component principal analysis shows that the species have a sparse distribution on the exploited savannas and the forest galleries. The species such as Parkia biglobosa and Khaya senegalensis present serious threats in the overexploited savannas (17.02 kg/ha) and the forest galleries (23.49 kg/ha). The measures of co-management and the REDD+ mechanism are taken into account for the management of these four plant formations in the Mayo-Kani Division.
To contribute to the sustainable management of the plant formations of Martap, it was a question for us to first of all know its composition and structure of before elaborating a suitable development plan. A floristic inventory in five plant formations (protected savannah, wooded savannah, exploited savannah, pasture and gallery forest) of 15 ha was carried out in four villages (Bawa, Maloua, Lissey-Mayo and Marko) of the said Martap Council. Over an area of 15 ha, 6105 individuals were collected belonging to 31 species, 21 genera and 15 families. The most represented species are the following: Daniellia oliveri, Terminalia macroptera, Annona senegalensis, Piliostigma thonningii, Ficus glumosa, Zanthoxylum xanthozyloides, Harungana madagascarensis, Syzygium guineense var. macrocarpum, Hymenocardia acida, Terminalia glaucescens, Lophira lanceolata, Sarcocephalus latipholius, Combretum nigricans. The horizontal distribution of the vegetation represented in class shows that the first class (]0-1[) is the one with the largest number of individuals (2844 individuals). The Shannon index varies from 1.74 to 2.26 bit; while Pielou’s fairness varies rather from 0.13 to 0.78. It is clear that overexploitation is real, it is amplified by population growth in this locality, and this results in the presence of a large number of small species. It would be wiser in the days to come to develop successful projects within the planning framework to meet this challenge.
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