The paper describes the methodology proposed in the PERPETUATE Project (funded by the Seventh Framework Programme – Theme ENV.2009.3.2.1.1). The methodology proposed in PERPETUATE uses a displacement-based approach for the vulnerability evaluation and design of interventions. The use of safety verification in terms of displacement, rather than strength, orients to new strengthening techniques and helps in the comprehension of interaction between structural elements and unmovable artistic assets. The procedure is based on the following fundamental steps: definition of performance limit states, specific for the cultural heritage assets (considering both structural and artistic assets); evaluation of seismic hazard and soil-foundation interactions; construction knowledge (non-destructive testing, material parameters, structural identification); development of structural models for the seismic analysis of masonry structures and artistic assets and design of interventions; application and validation of the methodology to case studies. Two main scales are considered: the seismic risk assessment at territorial scale and at the scale of single historic building or artistic assets. The final aim of the project is to develop European Guidelines for evaluation and mitigation of seismic risk to cultural heritage assets.
The 21 May 2003 Zemmouri earthquake ( Mw=6.8), which killed 2,278 people, injured 11,450, made 250,000 homeless, and destroyed or seriously damaged 6,000 buildings and 20,800 housing units, is the most significant earthquake to affect Algeria since the 1980 El Asnam earthquake ( Ms=7.3). This paper presents the report of the macroseismic survey conducted by the Centre of Research in Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Geophysics (CRAAG, Algeria) immediately after the earthquake. The collected data set has led to a comprehensive evaluation of damage and estimation of intensity at about 600 sites, a number never reached in previous earthquake damage surveys. The produced isoseismal map portrays the spatial distribution of intensities from III to X EMS. A map highlighting the damage distribution, where various geological and hydrological phenomena are reported, is also presented. The extent of the socioeconomic impact of this event confirmed that Algerian buildings are highly vulnerable to the recurrence of destructive earthquakes.
North Africa is one of the most earthquake- prone areas of the Mediterranean. Many devastating earthquakes, some of them tsunami-triggering, inflicted heavy loss of life and considerable economic damage to the region. In order to mitigate the destructive impact of the earthquakes, the regional seismic hazard in North Africa is assessed using the neo-deterministic, multi- scenario methodology (NDSHA) based on the compu- tation of synthetic seismograms, using the modal sum- mation technique, at a regular grid of 0.2 × 0.2°. This is the first study aimed at producing NDSHA maps of North Africa including five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. The key input data for the NDSHA algorithm are earthquake sources, seismotectonic zonation, and structural models. In the preparation of the input data, it has been really important to go beyond the national borders and to adopt a coher- ent strategy all over the area. Thanks to the collaborative efforts of the teams involved, it has been possible to properly merge the earthquake catalogues available for each country to define with homogeneous criteria the seismogenic zones, the characteristic focal mechanism associated with each of them, and the structural models used to model wave propagation from the sources to the sites. As a result, reliable seismic hazard maps are pro- duced in terms of maximum displacement (Dmax), max- imum velocity (Vmax), and design ground acceleration
One of the objectives of the PERPETUATE EU-FP7 project was to determine a sound approach to the quantification of the seismic vulnerability of historic centres at territorial scale. The procedure presented herein provides a ten steps guideline from how to select building samples in the area of study, to how to compute the buildings' seismic performance and finally how to evaluate rehabilitation decisions to reduce the seismic fragility of the studied typologies over an entire district or city. The procedure is illustrated in this paper by way of application to The Casbah of Algiers, a world heritage site composed of building clusters from the Ottoman to the French period. Pre-existing seismic damage, decay due to lack of maintenance and environmental factor and a urban irregular and complex lay-out make this application particularly challenging. (2015) 13:177-202 Evaluation), a mechanical approach based on limit state analysis and kinematics, which allows computing collapse load factor, deriving capacity curves and determining fragility functions. As the approach identifies also the collapse mechanisms, it provides a base for choosing and evaluating the effects of strengthening interventions, which are rolled out at territorial level to improve the seismic performance of the whole sample. The effectiveness of the present procedure for the identification of the seismic vulnerability at territorial scale is discussed in the conclusions.123 178 Bull Earthquake Eng
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