As a new area of technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a flagship and promising paradigm for innovating society. However, IoT-based critical infrastructures are an appealing target for cybercriminals. Such distinctive infrastructures are increasingly sensitive to cyber vulnerabilities and subject to many cyberattacks. Thus, protecting these infrastructures is a significant issue for organizations and nations. In this context, raising the cybersecurity posture of critical cyber infrastructures is an extremely urgent international issue. In addition, with the rapid development of adversarial techniques, current cyber threats have become more sophisticated, complicated, advanced and persistent. Thus, given these factors, prior to implementing efficient and resilient cybersecurity countermeasures, identification and in-depth mapping of cyber threats is an important step that is generally overlooked. Therefore, to solve cybersecurity challenges, this study presents a critical analysis of the most recent cybersecurity issues for IoT-based critical infrastructures. We then discuss potential cyber threats and cyber vulnerabilities and the main exploitation strategies adopted by cybercriminals. Further, we provide a taxonomy of cyberattacks that may affect critical cyber infrastructures. Finally, we present security requirements and some realistic recommendations to enhance cybersecurity solutions.

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This paper presents a concrete software architecture dedicated to ambient intelligence (AmI) features and requirements. The proposed behavioral model, called Higher-order Agent (HoA) captures the evolution of the mental representation of the agent and the one of its plan simultaneously. Plan expressions are written and composed using a formal algebraic language, namely AgLOTOS, so that plans are built automatically and on the fly, as a system of concurrent processes. Based on a specific semantics, a guidance service is also proposed to assist the agent in its execution. Moreover due to the specific structure of AgLOTOS expressions, the update of sub-plans is realized automatically accordingly to the revising of intentions, hence maintaining the consistency of the agent.

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This paper introduces a model for modeling real-time and mobile systems, which extends the DD-LOTOS language by the mobility nature of processes. Our model allows processes to move between distributed sites or localities, i.e. mobility of processes. Two types of communication are present in our model, local communication, i.e. the exchange of information between two processes in the same location, and remote communication, i.e. the exchange of information between two different localities, the latter is ensured by message exchange. We propose a syntactic and structured operational semantics based on true-concurrency semantics, expressing parallel behaviors and supporting at the same time temporal constraints, explicit actions durations, structural and temporal non-atomicity of actions and urgency. We also propose a semantic model for automatic verication tools, this model expresses aspects of the language DD-LOTOS, and adds mobility of process

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