This study focuses on the analysis of sedimentary facies and ichnogenus variations to determine the palaeogeographic setting of turbidite deposits that are clearly exposed in the surroundings of Majalengka area, West Java, Indonesia. Lithofacies variation in turbidite deposits, identified from detailed stratigraphic sections, were visually presented as a composite log and indicated a thickening and coarsening pattern due to a regressive event. Trace fossils exposed in all stratigraphic levels consist of Thalassinoides, Chondrites, Cruziana and Planolites. They are commonly found in a series of thin to medium bedded fine grained turbiditic sandstones intercalated with shales. Hereinafter, the integration analysis in between sedimentology and ichnology data, the sediment shed into the basin in the submarine channelized related to slope system. Such findings cast no doubt as to whether integrated sedimentary facies and ichnofacies analysis can be viewed as precise methods for sedimentary basin interpretation, in which external parameter, for example magmatic processes, also are considered to play a role.
A long depositional period of Papua limestone called Kais Formation, which is overlain by clastic sediments of Steenkool Formation, reflects an interesting stratigraphic architecture in the West Papua region. Using seismic stratigraphic method of five stacking patterns, forestepping, downstepping, upstepping, backstepping, and seismic facies (parallel, prograding clinoform, channel fill, mounded) have been observed. Chronostratigraphic reconstruction was completed to figure out the depositional units in space and time. This study reveals the lowstand deposit during Early to Middle Eocene (LST), transgressive-highstand carbonate deposit during Middle Eocene to Middle Oligocene, and transgressive-highstand silisiclastic (TST-HST) deposit during Middle Miocene-Late Pliocene.
The methodology of facies analysis may include statistical examination to establish a local facies model. Without such examination, it is very difficult to predict the facies succession and to interpret the changes in depositional conditions from thick or complex stratigraphic sections. Based on the survey of sedimentary geologic literature in Indonesia, it is suggested that the aforementioned statistical method has relatively seldom been used in Indonesia. Such a situation may reflect a gap in information on the methodology and, accordingly, it seems imperative that there should be a re-exposition of the method. This paper presents a concise exposition of the combination of the embedded Markov Chain and binomial probability as one of the most successful statistical methods which are used in facies analysis. The results of previous studies of The Citalang Formation are used as a case study to illustrate its applications to the real geologic world.
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