Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that is harmful to women's health around the world. Investigating the biological mechanism is, therefore, of pivotal importance to improve patients' prognoses. Compared to non-neoplastic tissues, enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism is one of the most common properties of malignant breast cancer. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) citrate lyase is a key enzyme linking aerobic glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis and is of high biological and prognostic significance in breast cancer. In our clinical study, fresh clinical tissues were used to analyze ATP citrate lyase expression by western blotting, and paraffin archived samples from 62 breast cancer patients were used to analyze ATP citrate lyase expression by immunohistochemistry. In the cellular study, following small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of ATP citrate lyase in MCF-7 cells, cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Breast cancer tissues showed strong expression of ATP citrate lyase, whereas adjacent normal tissues showed weak expression. Silencing of endogenous ATP citrate lyase expression by small interfering RNA in MCF-7 cells suppressed cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. Collectively, our study revealed that expression of ATP citrate lyase was significantly increased in breast cancer tissue compared with normal tissue. In addition, we found that depletion of ATP citrate lyase suppressed tumor growth, which suggests that ATP citrate lyase-related inhibitors might be potential therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is thought to contribute to the progression of tumor development. However, whether VDAC1 contributes to bone cancer pain remains unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of VDAC1 was upregulated in the L2-5 segments of the spinal dorsal horn at 2 and 3 weeks after injection of tumor cells into the tibial cavity. Intrathecal injection of a VDAC1 inhibitor significantly reversed the pain hypersensitivity and reduced the over-expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Intrathecal injection of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia, also attenuated the pain hypersensitivity of rat models of bone cancer pain. These results suggest that VDAC1 plays a significant role in the development of complicated cancer pain, possibly by regulating the expression of TLR4.
Abstract. In recent years, global mergers and acquisitions is keep expanding in its overall scale. China's overseas mergers and acquisitions scale is also in stable growth. In the first quarter of 2016, China has become the world's largest overseas mergers and acquisitions country in terms of scale. The regional trend of Chinese companies' overseas mergers and acquisitions are increasingly flow to developed countries, where Europe and the North America are the major regions; industry trends are increasingly to the electronics, machinery and financial services. Regional and industrial capital flows change, reflecting the Chinese companies' overseas mergers and acquisitions new strategy: in the global industrial restructuring process, Chinese companies try to obtain advanced technology or to occupy high-end consumer market, and pay more attention to the higher end global industrial value chain. However, due to the relatively short formation time of Chinese multinational companies, the overall competitive strength is not strong, thus the ability to avoid overseas risks is weak. We need to pay attention to quantitative assessment on overseas mergers and acquisitions risks, establish overseas mergers and acquisitions right and interests protect mechanism to support the continuous development of Chinese companies' overseas mergers and acquisitions.
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