This study was about psychosocial support offered to people with psychotic disorders by community members in Temeke district, Tanzania. The findings answered two questions which are: what is the quality of psychological support offered by community members to people suffering from psychotic disorders? To what extent do the people with the psychotic disorder have been socially supported and included in the social network within their communities? Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were used and a descriptive design was adopted. Participants were People with Psychotic Disorders (PPDs) who had received treatment at the psychiatric unit of Temeke district hospital in 2020. A total of 80 PPDs were randomly sampled, of which 57answered study questions by themselves, and 23 were presented by their caregivers. The study noted that both psychological and social supports were rarely given to people with psychotic disorders by community members. It was further revealed that there was a strong and significant association between psychosocial supports and hospitalisation or prognosis of PPDs (p-value < 0.0001). In which one unit increase in psychological supports could significantly reduce hospitalisation of PPDs by 0.365 units (p-value 0.025). Meanwhile, one unit increase in social supports could significantly reduce hospitalisation by 0.22 units (p-value 0.038). Hence, psychosocial supports from community members were significantly important in reducing hospitalisation and improving the prognosis of PPDs. It was recommended that the community should be educated on the causes, treatment, and importance of ‘psychosocial support’ in the comprehensive treatment of psychotic disease.
The study evaluates the proficiency of fund control approach in Tanzanian city council authority. A sample of 53 respondents who were randomly selected from Arusha City Council was used. The methods used in data collection are interviews, questionnaire, documentary review and focus group discussion. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) was used for data management and analysis. The findings showed that there are a good number of funds controlling strategies applied in the City Council. Preparing some handouts that inform and educate the people on how to pay their taxes, on time budget, action plan; proper monitoring and supervision, capacity building for staff, the use of EPCOR system and internal audit unit, thorough audit (both internal and external) and use of control ledgers and vote books were among the few fund collecting strategies. However, there are number of challenges that hindered the effectiveness of the fund controlling strategies. These challenges include insufficient budget, few staff, politics, poor education to many tax payers, insufficient data, lack of facilities, lack of enough sources of revenues, uncommitted revenue collectors, late release of funds, own sources, and poor monitoring of collection centers/routes.. The measures taken to overcome the challenges include establishing audit committee, constructing optic fiber network, disciplining staff who violate by-laws, and strengthening the pre-audit unit by enacting proper regulations in all transactions., Besides, the management conducts several meetings on issues related to revenues and how to overcome the challenges through capacity building to the appropriate staff to ensure internal control.. The research recommends that the government ought to cogitate establishing the strong audit committee which would be able to monitor the trends of financial practices in institutions. Despite, the number of the strategies used by City Council and despite the measures that have been put in place he suggests that more collaborative efforts should be done, one including prioritization on the development and sustainability of the financial sector.
This study is about the examination of reasons that lead to the engagement of squat salary works by squat income solitary mothers. The data was collected from through a questionnaire administered to 150 solitary mothers with limited income in one of the cities in Tanzania and utilizing focus groups and in-depth interviews. With the use of descriptive statistics and content analysis, the study found out that poverty, lack of education and skills, lack of formal employment, loneliness and poor social network are the key reasons that influence squat income solitary women to go in for squat paying jobs. The study recommends specific programs in the aspects of adult education and entrepreneurship, capital grants to start businesses as a way of self-employment and an avenue to generate income, cheap day-care schools and welfare centers to assist in the early education of the children of the squat income solitary mothers, ensuring that the living fathers of the children support their children every month and are held responsible, and establishment of a platform for counselling low-income solitary mothers when they are no longer at ease with their living partners so that they can smoothly transit to solitary motherhood with the responsibilities therein.
This study is about the experiences of the sexually abused street children in one of the cities in Tanzania. The study makes use of the data from 34 respondents. A questionnaire, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. The findings show that the sexually abused street children have experienced all types of sexual encounters, with rape and sodomy being the common type of sexual abuse. The maximum number of times an individual child has been sexually abused is 9 times and a minimum is at least once, but many were sexually violated multiple times. Contracting infectious diseases and pains and swelling of the genital are the most prevalent effects. In terms of Perceptions on the sexually abused street children, while the social welfare officers and the nurses are neutral, the police are negative. While the services offered at the police gender desk are somehow satisfactory, the post violence services are not user-friendly, and the community virtually offers no support. When the sexually abused street children presented themselves where they were supposed to get some support, generally they did not receive any sort of help.
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