BackgroundNeural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9), a member of Crk-associated substrate family, is involved in cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. E-cadherin is a key event in the cellular invasion during the epithelial–mesenchymal transition mechanism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among NEDD9 expression, E-cadherin expression, and survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.MethodsNEDD9 and E-cadherin expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 106 TNBC patients and 120 non-TNBC patients. And the association of clinicopathological factors with survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression in TNBC patients.ResultsThe results revealed that the rate of increased expression of NEDD9 and reduced expression of E-cadherin was significantly higher in TNBC group than that in non-TNBC group (P<0.001, both). Comparison of features between TNBC and non-TNBC groups showed that histological type (P=0.026) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.001) were significantly different. Correlation analysis showed that positive NEDD9 expression and negative E-cadherin expression were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P<0.05). In addition, the enhanced NEDD9 expression was significantly associated with a reduced 5-year survival for TNBC patients (overall survival [OS]: P=0.013; disease-free survival [DFS]: P=0.021). Negative E-cadherin expression showed a significantly worse 5-year OS and DFS (OS: P=0.011; DFS: P=0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (OS: P=0.006; DFS: P=0.004), tumor-node-metastasis stage (OS: P=0.012; DFS: P=0.001), NEDD9 (OS: P=0.046; DFS: P=0.022), and E-cadherin (OS: P=0.022; DFS: P=0.025) independently predicted a poor prognosis of OS and DFS. Moreover, patients with NEDD9-positive/E-cadherin-negative expression had a significantly worse outcome than other groups (OS: P=0.004; DFS: P=0.001).ConclusionOur finding demonstrated the potential value of NEDD9 and E-cadherin expression levels as prognostic molecular markers and a target for new therapies for TNBC patients.
BackgroundSeveral studies have reported that osteopontin (OPN) is a promising marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, some studies emerged with conflicting results. Therefore, we provide a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic performance of OPN for HCC.MethodsStudies that investigated the diagnostic value of OPN and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in HCC were collected from PubMed and Embase. Sensitivity, specificity, and other parameters about the diagnostic accuracy of serum OPN and AFP in HCC were pooled using STATA 12.0 software. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) and other parameters were used to summarize the overall test performance.ResultsTwelve studies were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.813 (95% CI: 0.671–0.902), 0.874 (95% CI: 0.778–0.932), and 30.047 (95% CI: 8.845–102.067) for OPN; 0.639 (95% CI: 0.538–0.729), 0.959 (95% CI: 0.909–0.982), and 41.518 (95% CI: 13.688–125.929) for AFP; and 0.856 (95% CI: 0.760–0.918), 0.738 (95% CI: 0.630–0.823), and 16.718 (95% CI: 7.950–35.156) for OPN+AFP, respectively. The area under the sROC for OPN, AFP, and OPN+AFP was 0.91, 0.88, and 0.85, respectively. For diagnosis of early HCC, pooled sensitivity of serum OPN, AFP, and OPN+AFP was 0.493 (95% CI: 0.422–0.563), 0.517 (95% CI: 0.446–0.587), and 0.732 (95% CI: 0.666–0.791), respectively.ConclusionsOPN is a comparable marker to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC, and the sensitivity of OPN was higher than that of AFP. A combination of AFP and OPN can elevate the sensitivity of diagnosis for early HCC.
Purpose:The prognostic value of tissue and serum osteopontin (OPN) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. The aim of present meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic value of OPN in patients with HCC.Methods:Eligible studies were systematically searched by PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar. A meta-analysis of 12 studies included 2117 cases was performed to estimate the association between OPN level and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Subgroup analyses were also performed in the meta-analysis.Results:The pooled data of studies showed that high OPN level was significantly associated with poor OS (hazard ratios [HR] 1.84; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.54–2.20; P = .000) and DFS (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.40–1.98; P = .000) in HCC. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, high tissue based OPN by immunohistochemistry detection and serum-based OPN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection were both significantly associated with OS (tissue: HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.53–2.31; P < .0001; serum: HR 2.38; 95% CI 1.58–3.59; P < .0001). Simultaneously, we also found that OPN expression was positively associated with stage (odds ratios [OR] 5.68; 95% CI 3.443–7.758), tumor size (Size≤5 cm vs >5 cm; OR 2.001; 95% CI1.036–3.867).Conclusion:The current evidence indicates that OPN could serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) and granulomatous mastitis (GM) are common inflammatory nonbacterial mastitis (NBM). However, the pathogenesis of NBM is still unclear.Methods. In this study, we statistically analyzed the pathological features of PCM and GM using pathological HE staining and tissue transmission electron microscopy. The levels of MAC (C5b-9n), P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 were detected through IHC, WB, ELISA, and qPCR. The expression level and location of MAC were observed by tissue immunological electron microscopy. In addition, exosomes were isolated from tissues, identified using transmission electron microscopy, and the densities were detected by Nano-FCM. Finally, the expression intensity of MAC in exosomes was detected by flow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy.Results. The damage and apoptosis of mammary duct epithelial cells are the common pathological features of PCM and GM. MAC is primarily located in the cell membrane of mammary ductal epithelial cells and is significantly expressed in PCM and GM. The density of exosomes in PCM and GM tissues was elevated, and MAC was highly expressed in exosomes. In addition, the expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 in PCM and GM was significantly higher than in the normal group.Conclusion. We found severe damage of the mammary duct epithelial cells in PCM and GM tissues, which was verified by relevant pathological methods. Earlier studies demonstrated that MAC is highly expressed in PCM and GM tissues and exosomes seem to play a very important role in the understanding of MAC. Furthermore, MAC is involved in inflammatory infiltration and lesion of mammary duct epithelial cells upregulated by P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1. These findings provide new insights into PCM and GM molecular mechanisms with novel therapeutic advances.
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