The aim of the present study is to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of lichen Ramalina fastigiata collected from Kolli hills, Eastern Gahts of Tamil Nadu, India. Phytochemical study revealed that acetone extract of Ramalina fastigiata confirmed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and phenols. Acetone extract of Ramalina fastigiata was tested against human pathogens, which exposed antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida krusei with the inhibition rate of 2.1 mm and 1.3 mm respectively. The acetone extract of lichen Ramalina fastigiata exhibited significant antioxidant activity as well. Radical scavenging ability of Ramalina fastigiata was reported in terms of 61.53 % inhibition.
Introduction: Students are taught the basics of medical ethics during their pre-clinical education, but need additional instruction on how to apply these principles to patient situations they may encounter during their clinical rotations. The ethical principles of autonomy and justice become especially pertinent to patient care in the setting of discharge decision-making. Third-year medical students would therefore benefit from an interactive educational activity that allows them to practice applying these principles within the context of discharge decision-making. Methods: This session was designed for third-year medical students completing their required rotation in neurology. Students participated in a 1-hour, facilitator-led, interactive, small-group, ethics-based activity meant to simulate the typical 4-day post-stroke hospital stay. Learning objectives for the activity were to enhance students' understanding of the principles of autonomy, justice, competence, and capacity. Students were given pretest to gauge prior knowledge of activity learning objectives; their knowledge was again assessed afterwards, and they were surveyed on the usefulness and value of the activity. Results: Twenty-three third-year medical students completed the activity over three sessions. The average improvement between pre-and posttest score was 40%. Lastly, on the qualitative feedback form, a majority of students strongly agreed that the activity was useful and presented new information, with 18 of 23 students giving the activity the highest possible rating of excellent. Discussion: A large majority of the students found the activity to be valuable, and the activity was shown to be effective at improving students' knowledge of a key aspect of successful medical practice.
Bisphenols (BP) is one of the most important and highest volumes of chemicals produced in the universe. Each year, around 100 tons of bisphenol compounds are released into the atmosphere. In general, bisphenol is most widely used for production of polycarbonate (making plastic bottles like baby bottles and nursing products, dental sealants, CDs, DVDs, eye glasses, medical equipment’s, plasticizers etc.) and polymeric resins (epoxy resins, impact resistant safety materials like sports goods etc.). Due to these unavoidable chemicals, human beings are affected by human chronic diseases like obesity, toxicity, neuro disorder, reproductivity disorders, diabetes, cardio related issues, birth defects, metabolic syndrome, breathing issues, digestive related issues, cancer, genetic mutation etc., Children are easily affecting due to the multi dose consumption of packed food containing BP (canned foods) than adults. Women are affecting polycystic ovaries due to the high-level deposition of BP.
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