Demographic senescence, a decrease in survival and/or fertility with age, has been shown to occur in all investigated mammals and birds, which are the most well-studied taxa in this regard (Jones et al., 2014).Historically, the main focus of plant demography has been on size and/or life-cycle stage, as these are considered to be accurate predictors of vital rates in many or most plants (Caswell, 2001).However, recent research indicates that age also matters and that there is substantial variation in how age affects vital rates such as survival, reproduction and growth (Edelfeldt, Bengtsson, et al., 2019;Roach & Smith, 2020). In some species, survival shows no significant relationship with age or may increase towards higher ages (Edelfeldt,
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