The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a practice magnetic resonance unit, in preparing children to undergo magnetic resonance procedures without general anaesthesia (GA) or sedation. The records of children who attended the practice MRI between February 2002 and April 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Each record was assessed as to whether the child had passed or failed the practice MRI intervention. Those children who were considered to have passed and were proceeded to a clinical non-GA MRI had the report of the clinical scan reviewed. If the scan had been reported as non-diagnostic because of movement artefact it was classified as a failed scan, otherwise it was considered a pass. One hundred and thirty-four children undertook a practice MRI (age range 4.1-16.1 years, median age 7.7 years, 47% boys) and 120/134 (90%) passed the practice session. In all, 117/120 (98%) subsequently had a clinical non-GA MRI and 110/117 (94%) passed (median age 7.8 years, 47% boys). Preparation is a safe and effective method to reduce the need for sedation and GA in children undergoing a clinical MRI scan. It provides a positive medical experience for children, parents and staff, and results in cost savings for the hospital.

In this study sample of children with CP, MRI was useful in revealing underlying brain abnormalities, most of which were due to events in the third trimester or the perinatal period.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

While John Wesley's opposition to Calvinism is well known, he also devoted much of his later life to counteracting what he regarded as serious threats to Christian orthodoxy, namely the denial of original sin and the rejection of the doctrine of the Trinity. As a result he became involved in controversy with several leading Protestant Dissenters, including John Taylor of Norwich and Joseph Priestley. This article examines the relationship, sometimes friendly but more frequently uneasy, between Wesley and his followers and the Dissenting denominations. When prominent ministers among those denominations promulgated heterodox teaching over original sin and the Trinity, Wesley responded with a degree of vehemence that emphasized and indeed widened the differences between Methodism and the older Dissent, and hence shaped the identity of Wesleyan Methodism in the early nineteenth century.

No abstract