This article describes the important cultural specifics that impact on treatment of overweight and obesity for the Roma people of South Bohemia. Methods: Data on health and nutrition were collected using a semi-structured interview of 302 Roma adults (quantitative phase). A further 25 participants received in-depth interviews regarding their eating and lifestyle habits and perceptions about obesity and overweight (qualitative phase). Height and weight were measured with calibrated scales and stadiometer. Qualitative data were analyzed with the “grounded theory” method. Results: The participants reported a relatively high consumption of high-sugar drinks and foods compared to fruits and vegetables. Lifestyle factors increasing risk of overweight identified from the qualitative interview included unemployment, socially isolating housing, poor transport, poverty, inactivity, tobacco smoking, and for women weight gain after childbirth. Also identified was the need for better health literacy. Conclusions: Effective health education may help to address risk factors for overweight and obesity in Roma peoples. Other measures include improved socioeconomic status and housing security, and improved health literacy of the Roma people.
The article presents the results of a correlation study, aimed at quantifying the food intake of the Roma population in the South Bohemian Region. To achieve the goal, we applied the method of one-day dietary recall and frequency food analysis (non-standardized). The quantification was carried out by analysis in the Nutridan program. The study involved 302 Roma persons and 298 persons in the control group. Both groups had the same representation of males and females (50:50). The age categories of both sets differed; the average age of the Roma was lower (39.2 years) (p < 0.001). The probands from the Roma population were chosen with the help of the snowball method through known respondents. The statistical analysis shows differences in nutritional estimate between the Roma population and the control sample. The Roma differ in their energy intake. Both groups showed lower intake of sugars, below 50% total energy intake (TEI) and higher intake of fats, above 30% TEI. The respondents from both groups consume little fruits and vegetables, which may be connected with their low dietary fiber intake. In addition to the differences in the nutritional estimates, we recorded statistically significant differences in body mass index (BMI; p < 0.001), in age (p < 0.001), regular alimentation (p = 0) and demanding physical activities (p = 0). In spite of the fact our groups differed in age (the Roma are younger), it can be assumed that the obesity of the Roma may be caused by unbalanced alimentation and lack of physical activities.
Purpose Suicide is a serious public health problem leading to premature mortality. The aim of the present study is to describe and analyze the trends of suicide rates in the Slovak Republic in 2011–2020. Methods Trends of age-standardized suicide rates were described and incidence rate ratios of suicide were analyzed by negative binomial regression. The age-standardized rates of death by the undetermined intent and its ratio to suicide rate were calculated. Results The overall suicide rate for the Slovak population was 7.58 per 100,000. Age-standardized suicide rate had a declining trend in the reported period, from 10.24 in 2011 to 6.65 per 100,000 in 2020. The highest suicide rate was in the oldest age groups. The male to female ratio was 6.09. The most common method of suicide in the Slovak population was hanging. The age-standardized rate of deaths by undetermined intent increased from 15.72 in 2011 to 18.46 per 100,000 in 2020. Conclusion We observed the overall declining annual suicide mortality trends in the Slovak Republic in 2011–2020. Further investigation is necessary to understand the exceptionally high undetermined intent mortality.
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Zdravotně sociální fakulta, katedra ošetřovatelství Summary Cardiovascular diseases occur ever more frequently in younger age groups and thus, it is necessary to consider their prevention. One of risk factors leading to the origination of cardiovascular disease is high blood pressure, i. e. hypertension. Its occurrence in the population is increasing, the prevalence in childhood being between 1 and 10%. The blood pressure measurement is a simple, cheap method, which is effective if it is used appropriately. The purpose of the study was monitoring of individuals with blood pressure values in the region "High Normal". Total of 1 269 children at their age of 13 to 15 years participated in the study. In these children, the blood pressure was measured by the classical mercury tonometer and thereafter, in a sample of 95 children, it was determined based on ambulatory 24-hour monitoring. Results obtained from the measurement indicate that blood pressure values measured in children with the mercury tonometer in regions between the 90 th and 95 th percentiles, or possibly above the 95 th percentile, should be verified with the help of ambulatory 24-hour monitoring at least three times every other month.
The aim of this paper is to define strategic resources and strategy design of preventive measures for the Roma minority in the South Bohemian Region to reduce obesity and overweight. Quantitative research was conducted via a controlled semi-structured interview concerning the eating behaviour of the respondents, their mental state, stress, self-reflection, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic condition, primary prevention and the approach of medical professionals. The research sample included 600 respondents (302 from the Roma minority and 298 from the majority population). The sample of the Roma minority and the majority population can be considered representative in terms of gender. There were statistically significant differences between the respondents from the minority and the majority population. The lifestyle of the Roma minority can cause obesity and overweight, and consequently influence the health of individuals. These are differences in eating behaviour, including the composition of diet, physical activity, smoking, or the money spent on food for an adult family member per month. The results obtained in this representative research survey within the SWOT analysis, which represents the weaknesses of the life style of the Roma minority, laid the foundations of a strategy for preventive measures for the Roma minority, which aims to reduce the risk factors affecting obesity and overweight in the Roma minority living in the South Bohemian Region.
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