Among numerous energy storage technologies, redox flow battery is one of the promising technologies that can be used to supply reliable continuation of electricity to electricity grids with a scale up to MW or MWh. In this paper, the process mechanism and optimization of redox flow battery using organic solution such as Riboflavin-5’-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (FMN-Na) as anolyte and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as catholyte were investigated. Sodium and chloride ions in salt feed were moved respectively to anolyte and catholyte by electrochemical reaction of electrolytes during the charge process and return to the feed during the discharge process. The study was carried out by given electric current with different voltage to graphite electrode range 1,5-10,5 volts and TEMPO concentration 0,02-0,08 M. The result shows that the optimum voltage is 7,5 volts with the concentration of TEMPO 0,06 M. The result also confirms the role of TEMPO solutions in the cathode. In addition to that, the FTIR and SEM analysis to the sedimentation generated during the process also revealed the change of the anolyte and catholyte after charging process.Keywords: Organic; Flow Battery; TEMPO; FMN-Na; energy storage
The main aim of this research is to produce biodiesel with simultaneous esterification and transesterification using Fe/Zeolite catalyst. Fe/Zeolite catalyst synthesized using hydrothermal process from waste geothermal of PT. Geodipa Energy. This catalyst analyzed using XRD, SEM, and BET test. The variables of this research are concentration (0,01 gr/gr, 0,015 gr/gr, 0,02 gr/gr, 0,025 gr/gr, 0,03 gr/gr) and temperature (50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C). The result of biodiesel characterization using simultaneous esterification and transesterification is positive to increase yield following concentration of catalyst and temperature of the reaction. This biodiesel has been in accordance with Indonesian National Standard 7182-2015.
Chlorella sp. is one of the microalgae that has the potential to produce lipids with a content of 28% -32% of dry weight. Lipid content in Chlorella sp. potentially as raw material for biodiesel. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of nitrogen flow rate on nitrogen starvation method on lipid content of Chlorella sp. Treatment with nitrogen starvation or nitrogen restriction on the cultivation medium of Chlorella sp. intended for carbon metabolism directed to lipid synthesis, then the lipid content analyzed using soxhlet method. Cultivation using nitrogen gas flow rate resulted in a lipid content of 19.51%, while the air flow rate was known at 23.51%.Keywords: Chlorella sp., Lipid Content, Nitrogen Starvation ABSTRAK Chlorella sp. merupakan salah satu mikroalga yang berpotensi menghasilkan lipid dengan kandungan 28%-32% dari berat kering. Kandungan lipid dalam Chlorella sp. berpotensi sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh laju alir nitrogen pada metode starvasi nitrogen terhadap kandungan lipid Chlorella sp. Perlakuan dengan starvasi nitrogen atau pembatasan nitrogen pada medium kultivasi Chlorella sp. dimaksudkan supaya metabolisme karbon diarahkan pada sintesis lipid, selanjutnya kandungan lipid dianalisis menggunakan metode soxhlet. Kultivasi menggunakan laju alir gas nitrogen menghasilkan kandungan lipid sebesar 19,51%, sedangkan dengan laju alir udara diketahui sebesar 23,51%.
The increasing level of paper consumption has the effect of cutting down trees for paper production which has disrupted natural sustainability. Paper production is not proportional to the amount of paper waste that is left to accumulate without recycle. Paper making material is 90% cellulose and the rest is material added as a support. This research try to recycle paper that processed chemically and cellulose isolating is by modifying it into nanoparticles with the addition of ZnO (nanosized) to produce nanocoating. Nanocoating production produces a nanocomposite coating solution with 0% and 1% cellulose + ZnO (nanosized) concentration (w/w cellulose). The result of this research can applied on salak fruit with parameters of weight loss and total acid. The parameters show changes in weight loss and total acid that will decrease every day with the coating treatment using cellulose, but the addition of ZnO (nanosized) can show the best results. The finding of this study could be used as extending the shelf life of fruit.
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