Abstract:This study was undertaken in Yabello district of Borana zone to identify factors affecting the choices of coping strategies for climate extremes and the ongoing coping strategies in topical condition. The primary data collected from 123-sample households was analyzed with multinomial logit model. The multinomial logit outcomes were includes coping strategy 1 (Livestock diversification based coping strategies), coping strategy 2 (Integrated crop-livestock based diversification based coping strategies), coping strategy 3 (Livestock diversification, water and rangeland management based coping strategies) and coping strategy 4 (Livestock diversification, income earning opportunities and strategic feeding system based coping strategies). From MNLM result, sex of household head, education status of household head, size of livestock holding, market distance from homestead, access to credit, access to early warning information, access to training and pastoral/agro-pastoral income are the key determinants of the choices of coping strategies for climate extremes. Thus, establishment of formal early warning information centers and sophisticated delivery system, improving access to market, training, credit scheme, improving livestock holding and income of the household would boost the choices of best coping strategies to overcome deleterious impacts of climate extremes.

The study was conducted in Borana zone, which is located at about 570 km from Addis Ababa with the objective of understanding the farming system of Borana pastoral area. The primary data was collected using survey questionnaires from 160 households selected using multistage sampling design. The study confirmed that the farming system in Borana pastoral area has been increasingly diluted, unlike the earlier decades where livestock were used to stand as the backbone of their economy. The inference from the sample household indicated larger portion of their livelihood is crop-livestock integration dependent, unlike the conventional account. Even though the livelihood diversification is possible to reduce the risk agriculture, in the study area the diversification into crop farming could intensify further devastation of nature by diverting attention to other livelihood option resource if care is not in place. Practically, owned to decline in livestock productivity, it enforced the pastoralists to enhance the trade-off between crops-livestock production or its integration. The survey result also displayed that about 85% of the respondent has been producing at least one crop besides the livestock production. This induces a critical question on the existents of the pastoralists if sustainable livelihood of the pastoralism is not in concern. However, owned to the critical importance of the pastoral system, interventions to enhance the pastoral livelihood need urgent measures. Furthermore, this study recommends for further deep analysis on optimization of the livelihood diversification in pastoral area for enhancing sustainable livelihood.

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