Of two low‐melting binary adducts obtained with the same universal organic acid and base components, one contains these as the neutral molecules, the other, however, in a deprotonated and a protonated form as ions. Reports on analogous results for further Brønsted acid/base systems are rare. The complex anion, new in a crystal structure, is assembled by strong hydrogen bonds O−H⋅⋅⋅O (see formula).
After earlier work in this laboratory on phase relations and crystal structures in the quasibinary system of hydrogen fluoride and pyridine, six lowmelting adducts with trimethyl-and triethylamine in lieu of pyridine have now been identified and their structures determined at À 150 8C:À 87 8C, monoclinic, P2 1 , Z 2), Me 3 N5 HF (m.p. À 93 8C (decomp), triclinic, P1 Å , Z 2) and Me 3 N´7 HF (m.p. À 88 8C, hexagonal, P6 3 , Z 2). Structure analysis was also performed on a further pyridine adduct: Py´6 HF (m.p.With the base protonated and the hydrogen fluoride content correspondingly deprived of one proton, all structures are ionic. They are described with respect to the F ± H´´´F and N ± H´´´F hydrogen bonding and the various H nÀ1 F À n complex ions present. These ions and others of the same kind observed in crystal structures are surveyed with regard to homology (size) and isomerism.
Of two low‐melting binary adducts obtained with the same universal organic acid and base components, one contains these as the neutral molecules, the other, however, in a deprotonated and a protonated form as ions. Reports on analogous results for further Brønsted acid/base systems are rare. The complex anion, new in a crystal structure, is assembled by strong hydrogen bonds O−H⋅⋅⋅O (see formula).
Background
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is still regarded as the main offender that promotes the pro-inflammatory cascade in muscle injuries, tendopathies and especially in osteoarthritis. Thus, if present in high enough concentrations, IL-1receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has the potential to inhibit Interleukin-1. In this regard, autologous conditioned serum with an IL-1Ra/IL-1 ratio of at least > 10 might fulfill optimal therapeutic effects.
The aim of the study was to analyze whether a pretreatment of patients with the oxygen insuffliation according to Regelsberger (IOI) might lead to an increased ratio of IL-RA to IL-1ß in autologous serum prepared after the respective therapy.
Methods
Venous blood from 15 patients which underwent intravenous oxygen insufflation (IOI) for routinely preventive purposes was taken before the first, the 6th, and the 9th session of intravenous oxygen insufflation. IL-1β and IL-1-RA levels were quantified from serum and from autologous conditioned serum (ACS) prepared from the drawn venous blood.
Results
Previous intravenous oxygen insufflation treatments significantly reduced IL-1β levels in autologous conditioned serum from mean 67.85 pg/ml (before the first treatment) down to mean 4.08 pg/ml (before the 9th treatment). Post conditioning levels of IL-1Ra were not changed to any significant degree (before 1st/before6th/ before 9th treatment: 1038.37 ± 140.51 / 900.30 ± 79.24 / 902.84 ± 95.68). Thus, the IL-1Ra:IL-1β ratio was altered on a molecule to molecule basis from a mean of 37.03:1 up to a mean 223.54:1 through the pretreatment with oxygen insuffliation according to Regelsberger.
Conclusion
Pretreatment of patients with IOI alters the IL-1Ra:IL-1ß ratio of autologous conditioned serum to a more favorable ratio which might mitigate the inflammatory cascade more efficaciously. Therefore, we suggest to perform intravenous oxygen insufflation on patients before they give blood for preparing ACS.
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