We show -by explicit computation of first-order corrections -that the QCD factorization approach previously applied to hadronic two-body decays and to form factor ratios also allows us to compute non-factorizable corrections to exclusive, radiative B meson decays in the heavy quark mass limit. This removes a major part of the theoretical uncertainty in the region of small invariant mass of the photon. We discuss in particular the decays B → K * γ and B → K * ℓ + ℓ − and complete the calculation of corrections to the forward-backward asymmetry zero. The new correction shifts the asymmetry zero by 30%, but the result confirms our previous conclusion that the asymmetry zero provides a clean phenomenological determination of the Wilson coefficient C 9 .

We provide Standard Model expectations for the rare radiative decays B → K * γ, B → ργ and B → ωγ, and the electroweak penguin decays B → K * ℓ + ℓ − and B → ρ ℓ + ℓ − at the next-to-leading order (NLO), extending our previous results to b → d transitions. We consider branching fractions, isospin asymmetries and direct CP asymmetries. For the electroweak penguin decays, the lepton-invariant mass spectrum and forward-backward asymmetry is also included. Radiative and electroweak penguin transitions in b → d are mainly interesting in the search for new flavour-changing neutral current interactions, but in addition the B → ργ decays provide constraints on the CKM parameters (ρ,η). The potential impact of these constraints is discussed.

Best practice clinical guidelines for myopia control involve an understanding of the epidemiology of myopia, risk factors, visual environment interventions, and optical and pharmacologic treatments, as well as skills to translate the risks and benefits of a given myopia control treatment into lay language for both the patient and their parent or caregiver. This report details evidence-based best practice management of the pre-, stable, and the progressing myope, including risk factor identification, examination, selection of treatment strategies, and guidelines for ongoing management. Practitioner considerations such as informed consent, prescribing off-label treatment, and guides for patient and parent communication are detailed. The future research directions of myopia interventions and treatments are discussed, along with the provision of clinical references, resources, and recommendations for continuing professional education in this growing area of clinical practice.

We present the complete next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order short-distance and bound-state QCD correction to the leptonic decay rate Γ(Υ(1S) → ℓ + ℓ − ) of the lowest-lying spin-1 bottomonium state. The perturbative QCD prediction is compared to the measurement Γ(Υ(1S) → e + e − ) = 1.340(18) keV.PACS numbers: 13.20. Gd, 12.38.Bx Bound states of a heavy quark and antiquark provide an ideal laboratory to study non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD). The bound-state dynamics is characterized by three scales, the mass of the heavy quark (hard scale), m, its typical momentum (soft scale), mv, and energy (ultrasoft scale), mv 2 . Here v ∼ α s (mv) is the velocity of the quark in the bound state and α s the strong coupling. The theoretical description of heavyquark bound states uses the fact that the different scales are well-separated since the velocity is small. This allows to construct a series of effective theories by integrating out the larger scales. Starting from QCD, the first step is to integrate out the hard modes to obtain NRQCD [1][2][3]. The second step is to integrate out potential and soft gluons and soft light quarks, leading to potential NRQCD (PNRQCD) [4]. PNRQCD contains only potential heavy quarks, whose energy and momentum are of order mv 2 and mv, respectively, and ultrasoft gluons and light quarks.A "classical" application of NRQCD is the prediction of the decay rate of heavy-quark bound states into leptons. The simplest such system is the Υ(1S) meson, the lowest-lying spin-triplet bound state of a bottom quark and antiquark. To next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy (N 3 LO) the decay rate can be computed with the help of the formula [5]with α being the fine structure constant and m b the bottom-quark pole mass. c v and d v are matching constants of leading and sub-leading bb currents in NRQCD, and ψ 1 (0) is the wave function of the (bb) system at the origin, which at leading order is given byThe mass of the Υ(1S) is M Υ(1S) = 2m b + E 1 , and the perturbative part of the binding energy E 1 is given at leading order by E p,LO 1 = −(4m b α 2 s )/9. In the following we assume that the bound-state dynamics of the Υ(1S) state is governed by weak coupling, which formally requires that the ultrasoft scale m b v 2 is large compared to the strong interaction scale Λ. It is generally believed that this is a reasonable assumption for the lowest-lying 1S state, but not for the higher states, which, though more non-relativistic, are too large to be considered as bound states dominated by the colour-Coulomb interaction. Even for the 1S state the assumption m b v 2 ≫ Λ is questionable. In fact, the leptonic decay that we consider in this Letter should be considered as one of the crucial tests of perturbative QCD bound-state dynamics, when all three scales (hard, soft, ultrasoft) are relevant to the problem. The more recent analyses of the leptonic Υ(1S) decay are based on next-to-leading order QCD together with nonperturbative condensate corrections [6], or second-order QCD without non...