HighlightsRejoinder to claims of Shani and Arad (2014) Extent of scientific consensus on climate change indicated Evidence for climate change is observational and predictive Extent of tourism related emissions indicated Concern of climate denial for scientific debate and communication Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a fashionable and highly controversial scientific topic . This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that humaninduced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not. . ABSTRACT
The Middle East is one of the fastest growing tourism regions in the world. Especially Dubai (since the 1980s) and Abu Dhabi (since the 1990s) have invested heavily in tourism development to firstly enhance their recognition as international destinations and secondly to diversify their economies away from the oil production. Surprisingly, there is a lack of academic published articles on those two emirates’ international destination image. This paper attempts to fill this gap by studying and comparing the images of Abu Dhabi and Dubai amongst potential first-time visitors from one of their main source markets – Germany. An empirical study amongst 300 respondents from North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, was conducted to reveal the cognitive image attributes of Dubai and Abu Dhabi for non-visitors. Despite both places having a similar basis for destination development, their images differ. Thus, Abu Dhabi and Dubai are not seen as competitors on the tourism market, instead they could even increase the mutual benefits through highlighting specific images more distinctly. Further, the research identified a missing fit between the desired tourism destination image for both destinations and the perceived destination image. This is especially significant for the aspect of sustainability, which both emirates try to promote. Potential tourists rather perceive both emirates as unsustainable and not environmentally conscious.
Le secteur culturel est, de plus en plus souvent, appréhendé par les gouvernements comme un vecteur de croissance (touristique), notamment dans les sous-régions périphériques comme la Tasmanie où les industries dominantes de jadis ont disparu. Ce secteur peut être une source de créativité locale, d'intégration sociale et d'attractivité touristique. Dans certains cas, la création d'une entité culturelle iconique sert ce même but, avec un faible investissement public. C'est le cas notamment du Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), musée entièrement privé situé dans l'État de Tasmanie (Australie) qui a ouvert en 2011. Cet article analyse la relation entre le MONA (via son expérience de tourisme créatif) et le gouvernement de Tasmanie. Une attention particulière est portée à la façon dont les différents acteurs utilisent le concept d'expérience créative afin d'attirer des touristes aux différents événements et expositions. Le cas du MONA montre que le concept de tourisme créatif est plus complexe que la seule prise en compte d'une approche "créative". Il montre, en outre, que l'utilisation d'expériences de tourisme créatif dans les stratégies de marque des destinations doit, pour réussir, être partagée par l'ensemble des parties prenantes. Il ouvre ainsi la discussion sur les relations entre les différentes parties prenantes dans le secteur du tourisme créatif.
Tourism-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are a central driver of anthropogenic climate change. At the same time, climate change has both direct and indirect impacts on tourism, varying from damages of tourist assets due to extreme weather events, to losses of biodiversity. Small island developing states (SIDS) heavily depend on international tourism as a source of revenue and income. Therefore, much could be gained by assessing the vulnerability of the SIDS tourism sector and by identifying measures that may assist these islands in their sustainable adaptation efforts. Against this background, this interdisciplinary paper provides a review of tourism development and the implications of its emissions on the global climate, linked with observed and projected influences of climate change in the Pacific region, to explain the growing vulnerability of the overall sector, with a particular focus on SIDS tourism. A description of the effects of COVID-19 on international tourism and its consequences for SIDS complement the analysis. Case studies of two Pacific islands present some evidence of current climate impacts, underscoring the multiple risks small island nations and their tourism sectors face. The paper concludes by stating that some measures may be prioritized by decision-makers, so as to increase the resilience of a transforming tourism sector in SIDS.
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