No abstract

Spondylolytic fractures at L5 are influenced by an inadequate increase in interfacet distances between adjacent vertebrae. Individuals lacking sufficient increase in lower lumbar transverse interfacet dimensions are at greater risk of developing and maintaining spondylolytic defects.

As a management tool, the TLISS seems to be an acceptably reliable system when compared with the Denis and AO systems. There is a base level of knowledge and familiarity necessary for the application of the system at reliable levels.

The functional outcome of the person older than 50 years with a complete cervical cord injury is poor. Of the 14% who survived the first year, all required extensive attendant care, and no neurologic improvement was seen. The patient with an incomplete cord injury has an overall good outcome regarding ambulation and returning to home.