Aims & Objectives:This study is being carried out to describe various MRI features in the pathologies of ankle joint. Trauma to the ankle joint is a significant cause of morbidity in the young & active individuals especially amongst labourer's, road traffic accident patients and athletes. A correct diagnosis regarding traumatic/ non traumatic ankle joint pathologies is essential for early operative as well as non-operative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now been accepted as the best modality for noninvasive evaluation of ankle pathologies. This study was undertaken to study different pathologies of ankle joint and its incidence by MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 50 cases of clinically suspected & diagnosed of having any pathology of ankle joint by MR imaging of the ankle, at the department of Radiodiagnosis, AMC MET Medical college, L.G hospital, Maninagar, Ahmedabad. Study was performed between December 2018 to December 2019. MRI was carried out on SIEMENS 1.5 T MAGNETOM_ESSENZA machine Results: Of the total50 patients evaluated, most common pathology of ankle joint being anterior talofibular ligament tear & tenosynovitis,20(40%) cases of each, followed by stress fractures 17(34%) & contusions 16(32%). Associated findings include joint collection, marrow edema &soft tissue changes. Interpretation and Conclusions:From these observations, it is found that MRI is an excellent, noninvasive, radiation free imaging modality with multiplanar capabilities and better soft tissue delineation. It can accurately detect, localize and characterize various ligamentous, tendinous, bony & soft tissue pathologies related to ankle joint and thereby guiding in further management of the patient.

Background: Congenital malformations are major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and account for 8-10% of all peri-natal deaths especially in developing countries. Incidence of congenital malformation is increasing owing to reduction in other causes of neonatal deaths due to improvement in perinatal care worldwide. This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence, perinatal variables and contributing risk factors associated with birth defects that will help to plan future strategies for prevention, early diagnosis and timely management.  Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective observational study conducted in department of pediatrics of a tertiary care centre of western India over period of two year. All new-borns with anatomical congenital malformations detected antenatal or postnatal (prior to discharge) period were included in this study. Detailed and careful clinical examination was carried out for all new-born.Results: The incidence of congenital malformation in the present study is 1.27%. Prematurity (76.1%), low birth weight (68%) and male neonates (67%) were associated with increased risk of congenital malformation. Most common system involved in this study was cranio-spinal system (47.3%). Overall, most common congenital anomaly was Hydrocephalus with meningomyelocele (8%). Among maternal variables, malnutrition (90%), consanguinity (40%) and abortions (40%) are strongly associated with malformations.  Conclusions: Congenital malformations are important cause of neonatal death. Strategies to diagnose, prevent, treat and rehabilitate the neonate are utmost necessary. Early screening to identify high risk pregnancies and timely management is strongly recommended.

Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that in recent years has become a major international public health problem. Purpose:This study was conducted to assess the sonographic findings in patients with dengue fever. Methods: A total of 112 patients who were clinically suspected of dengue underwent abdominal sonography on admission at our emergency department . The diagnosis of dengue fever was subsequently confirmed by serology in 86 patients. The study was conducted from September 2016 to January 2017 using LOGIC P5 USG machine at LG hospital, Ahmedabad. Results:Out of the 86 patients seropositive for dengue ,the sonographic feature of thickened gall bladder wall was noted in a total of 53 patients (61%). Gall bladder wall thickening as the only finding was noted in 12 patients (14%). The maximum thickness noted was 6.3mm and the smallest thickness noted was 2.4mm. Average thickness of the gall bladder was 3.4 mm ± 1mm. Other ultrasound findings such ascites was noted in 21 patients (24%), splenomegaly in 11 patients (12.7%), and pleural effusion in 23 patients (26%); pleural effusion was either rightsided or bilateral. Pleural effusion as the only finding was noted in 12 patients. In 21 sero positive patients (24%) no significant ultrasound findings were seen. 26 patients were seronegative and showed no significant ultrasound findings. Conclusion: Abdominal sonography for gall bladder wall thickening can be used as a firstline imaging modality in patients with suspected dengue fever to detect early signs suggestive of the disease prior to obtaining serologic confirmation test results, especially in a dengue fever epidemic area. Sonographic examinations are useful as an additional diagnostic tool for the prediction of dengue fever. A thickened gallbladder wall is a useful sonographic finding that can help in the detection. Early detection of dengue has a significant role in reduction of morbidity and mortality with better prognosis.

Introduction: Perianal region is a commonly affected area in the course of several inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic diseases. Several imaging modalities are used in imaging evaluation of this area and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emerges as the imaging modality of choice due to its superb soft tissue resolution. MRI is not only useful for initial detection of perianal pathologies but also in the follow-up of these disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its superb soft tissue resolution, is the imaging modality of choice for anal and perianal abnormalities. Pelvic phased array coils allow more comfortable and tolerable scans with higher signal-to-noise ratios and wider field of view. Parallel imaging techniques result in shorter scan durations T2-weighted images obtained with and without fat saturation as well as postcontrast T1-weighted images with fat suppression are the most helpful sequences. Postcontrast images are helpful, mainly for differentiating postoperative changes and chronic granulation or fibrotic tissue from active inflammation and abscess formation. Axial and coronal oblique images of the anal canal should be acquired with proper and accurate multiplanar prescription in order to get ideal images which are perpendicular and coronal to the anal canal. Materials and MethodsInclusion criteria: Patients with perianal discharge, swelling, pain or pruritus & diagnosed of having perianal pathology by MRI study (1.5 T MRI). Exclusion criteria: All patients referred to department of radiology, L G hospital, maninagar, Ahmedabad with rectal mass by MRI study (1.5 T MRI) All patients with contraindications to MRI like patients with metallic implants, claustrophobia, pacemakers and patients with contrast allergy. Study type: Retrospective study (record-based study). Consent not required for retrospective study. Results and Conclusion In our study of 50 patients, out of which 42 were males & 8 were females, the most common affected age group were between 25-35 years (42%). The most common location of fistula in our study was at 6'O -7'O clock (36%) position followed by 12-1'O clock (28%) position.  The most common type in our study being intersphincteric type (48%) according to PARK'S classification and the most common Grade in our study being grade 1 (simple intersphincteric fistula) (26%) according to St JAMES classification.  Adequate understanding of relevant pelvic anatomy and fistula classification on MRI examination is essential in providing proper assessment of perianal fistulas.  Evaluation of clinically undetectable disease has significant bearing on guiding medical & surgical therapy & can help minimize recurrence & better predict outcome compared to surgical exploration.

Many disease, neoplastic, infective, inflammatory, autoimmune result in abdominal lymphadenopathy. Because there is a complex pattern of intercommunications between regional groups of lymph nodes, it is usual for lymphadenopathy to involve several contiguous or even widely separated nodule chains. The abdominal lymph nodes are empirically divided into groups: 1. Retrocrural 2. Retroperitoneal 3. Porta hepatis 4. Gastrohepatic ligament 5. Celiac and superior meseneteric artery 6. Preaortic and paraaortic 7. Pancreaticoduodenal 8. Perisplenic 9. Periumbilical 10. Mesenteric Aims and Objectives 1. To evaluate lymph nodes in different abdominal pathologies i.e. group of lymphnodes involved, morphology, size etc. 2. To assess the size of lymph nodes in different abdominal pathologies.