The objective of this study was to compare the impact of flipped mode and traditional mode of instruction, on the learning outcomes of Grade VIII school children in History and Science; 90 primary school children from Odisha (India) were randomly assigned to either of control (traditional instruction) or experimental (flipped instruction) group. Pre-test scores of both the groups were compared through "t" test; the obtained "t" values of −0.019 and 1.931 were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05) which revealed no significant difference between these groups at the beginning. Thus, both the groups were assumed to have equal variance and after 01 month their post-test scores in History and Science were again compared to examine the impact of different instructional intervention/s. The obtained "t" values of both the groups' post-test scores comparisons were −5.592, −3.260, found to be significant at p < 0.01 level, and confirmed the difference between control and experimental groups. Mean scores of flipped and traditional instructional groups further strengthened the positive impact of flipped mode of instruction on children's learning outcomes in History and Science. The study recommends for future work on flipped instruction with larger sample for educational implications.
Modern radar systems are designed to simultaneously serve multiple applications such as ranging, surveillance, imaging, or warfare, which necessitates operation at multiple carrier frequencies. Linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals are inherently capable of pulse compression leading to enhanced range resolution and good signal-to-noise ratios; therefore, they are widely employed in various radar applications. In this paper, a photonic-based generation scheme for carrier frequency multiplication of LFM waveforms up to a factor of four through a single dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The technique is employed to produce multiband LFM having wide-bandwidth chirps (500 MHz, 1 GHz) as well as narrow bandwidth chirps (10, 20 MHz) that are compatible with the intrinsic linewidth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The frequency bands of the narrow bandwidth chirps are further selected through a frequency-agile Brillouin RF filter. The generated tupled chirped waveforms are at continuous multiples of the RF carrier frequency at 2, 4, 6, and 8 GHz, respectively, with the first three multiples having 10 MHz and the fourth multiple having 20 MHz chirp bandwidth. This scheme is also experimentally verified for generating different tupled products and respective filtering through SBS at multiples of 4 GHz up to 16 GHz, thereby verifying the system’s agility and flexibility.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.