Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by some Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys mold species. It has been found to impose many adverse health effects, and frequently detection in commercial fruit juices and apple products makes it a public health concern. The most important organism responsible for the patulin contamination in apple and derived products is Penicillium expansum (P. expansum). There are many studies on inhibition of P. expansum growth in apples/fruits and reduction of patulin contamination in fruit products, however, it remains as a major contamination problem in these products all around the world. The contamination of Patulin in apple and other fruit derived products could be prevented by using of various physical, chemical, and biological control methods. The preventive measures such as Good Pre-harvest and Post-harvest Practices in combination with processing hurdles could be the best solution to avoid the contamination. Researches and development to improve the current technologies, understanding and optimization the novel technologies also could serve the best solutions to eliminate the problem.
Fungi that contaminate the fruits at stages such as ripening, harvesting, storage, transportation may cause deterioration and economic losses, and even some strains can produce mycotoxins known to be harmful to health. In this respect, it was examined that the mold diversity of some fruits sold in eastern Turkey. A total of 113 different fruits, both non-moldy and moldy, were collected and 395 strains were isolated and identified using classical methods from different parts of the fruits (surfaces, core cavities and rotten parts). It was found the 11 different genera of fungi including Penicillium spp. (34.43%), Cladosporium spp. (22.53%), Rhizopus spp. (21.01%), Alternaria spp. (8.10%), Botrytis spp. (7.34%), Aspergillus spp. (2.27%), Byssochlamys spp. (1.52%), Acremonium spp. (0.76%), Fusarium spp. (0.76%), Colletotrichum spp. (0.76%), and Geotrichum spp. (0.51%) in the analysed strawberry, grape, apple, cherry, pear, plum, pomegranate, apricot, peach, orange, tangerine, and quince fruits. It is noteworthy that the fungi known to produce mycotoxins such as Penicillium expansum and Penicillium italicum are among the fungi isolated within the scope of the study.
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