O Programa de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco tem como parte do objetivo capacitar residentes Médicos Veterinários por meio do treinamento em serviço para atuação na saúde pública, nas áreas de vigilância em saúde. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou descrever o método utilizado na formação teórica e prática dos residentes, previamente à inserção dos mesmos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), destacando suas potencialidades e fragilidades. Antes do início das atividades na Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e no Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família, foram oferecidas duas disciplinas utilizando-se metodologias ativas: Políticas Públicas em Saúde e Integração Ensino Serviço Comunidade. Ao final de cada disciplina foi solicitado aos residentes aprovados (100% dos residentes matriculados) que relatassem suas opiniões sobre as mesmas, elencando as potencialidades e as fragilidades. As potencialidades mais relatadas foram: uso de metodologias ativas como Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) e estudos de casos (77,8%), leitura de artigos e elaboração de resumos (27,8%) e esclarecimentos sobre a vigilância em saúde (22,2%). Em relação as fragilidades, os residentes relataram em maior porcentagem a leitura de muitos artigos em um único dia (61,1%), dificuldade em interpretar artigos com temas diferentes da área de atuação (22,2%) e muito tempo de vivência no SUS (16,7%). Conclui-se que a metodologia ativa apresenta pontos positivos e negativos, como relatado pelos residentes, porém o modelo favorece uma forma de ensino-aprendizagem necessária à implementação dos residentes médicos veterinários para atuação no SUS.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in horses reared in the Eastern and Western Potiguar mesoregion, State of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Seven hundred and eighty-five animals (785) were used from 90 properties from 2018 to 2019. The serological diagnosis was performed by the microscopic agglutination technique (MAT), using a collection of live antigens composed of twenty serovars belonging to sixteen serogroups. Variable data associated with risk factors were obtained from questionnaires carried out to herd owners and statistically analyzed. The absolute and relative frequencies were determined by descriptive analysis and risk factors by univariate analysis of the variables using the Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, when necessary, and then assessed by Poison regression. The positivity frequency among animals was 97.2% (763), and from all properties, there was at least one seropositive animal. The main reactive serogroup was Icterohaemorrhagiae (72.88%), followed by reactive animals to Australis (14,94%), Sejroe (4.43%), Shermani (2.77%), Autumnalis and Pomona (1.29%). It was observed occurrences lower than 1% to serogroups Canicola, Ballum, Grippotyphosa and Hebdomadis, with titles ≤400 in 78,97% of cases. The significant occurrence of seropositive horses and the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae predominance highlights the importance of vaccination and hygiene in Potiguares herds facilities to prevent leptospirosis cases and the consequent elimination of the agent in the environment.
The present objective was to investigate the presence of anti-equine viral encephalomyelitis (EVE) antibodies and the possible risk factors for its dissemination in horses raised in the East and West Potiguar mesoregions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Serological diagnosis for neutralizing antibodies against Eastern (EEEV), Western (WEEV) and Venezuelan (VEEV). Equine viral encephalomyelitis was performed using a seroneutralization technique on 811 blood samples from horses from ninety properties and sixteen municipalities between July 2018 and February 2019. Factors associated with EVE were evaluated using an investigative epidemiological questionnaire, and the data were statistically analyzed using the Epi Info 3.5.2 software with a confidence level of 95%. The seroprevalence of anti-EVE antibodies was 14.2% (115), with 10.36% (84) for EEEV, 6.9% (56) for WEEV, and null for EVE. When analyzing risk factors, it can be concluded that horses raised in properties that do not clean installations and/or rent out their pasture are more likely to have anti-EVE antibodies. These results show evidence that horses raised in the East and West Potiguar mesoregions were exposed to EEEV and WEEV, thus reinforcing the importance of vaccination and serological survey of nonvaccinated horses as a means of monitoring the disease.
Background: Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) have a high capacity for dissemination, causing losses in horse breeding due to reproductive, respiratory and neurological problems. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte there is only one survey, in the municipality of Mossoró, about these diseases. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence and assess the risk factors associated with EHV-1 and EAV infections in unvaccinated horses raised in the mesoregions of East and West Potiguar in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Between August 2018 and February 2019, blood samples were collected from equines on farms located in sixteen municipalities in the mesoregions of East and West Potiguar for the serological diagnosis of EAV (809 samples from 90 farms) and of EHV (778 samples from 88 farms), being that, only municipalities that had at least five hundred equines were included in the study. An investigative epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each property visited, containing questions related to the breeder, property, animal and the sanitary, reproductive and nutritional management. A logistic regression was performed to assess the risk factors associated with EVH, considering the serological test (positive or negative) as the dependent variable. EAV and EVH antibodies were detected through the serum virus neutralization assay. No evidence was found of EAV [0% (0/809)], but EHV showed a prevalence rate of 32% (249/778), with 80.6% (71/88) of the farms having at least one animal that tested positive, and EHV was present in all the municipalities covered in this study. The risk factors identified were: animals raised in East Potiguar (OR = 1.36, CI 95%: 1.01-1.85, P = 0.041), extensive livestock farming system (OR = 1.79, CI 95%: 1.10-2.91, P = 0.041), working animals (OR = 3.63, IC 95%: 1.91-6.91, P = 0.000), unclean facilities (OR = 2.32, CI 95%: 1.27-4.33, P = 0.006), and non-disinfected facilities (OR = 1.83, CI 95%: 1.15-2.91, P = 0.009).Discussion: The absence of horses seropositive for EAV confirms the findings reported for 132 cattle herding horses in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and by other national surveys that report zero or low occurrence rates. EAV is therefore considered an exotic disease that has not yet been diagnosed nor its etiological agent isolated in this country. EHV was found to be distributed in the two mesoregions, indicating a higher occurrence among working horses raised in the extensive livestock farming system on these farms, which were more physically fatigued and liable to be immunosuppressed, making them prone to infection, especially when left to graze in contact with other animals, although sports horses have also been found to be at high risk of becoming infected. The risk factor analysis also indicated the importance of hygiene and disinfection of livestock premises, where other biosafety measures such as quarantine and vaccination are likely not taken, and animals circulate unrestrictedly, facilitating the dissemination of the virus. Studies are therefore needed to shed light on the real situation of the presence of EAV throughout Brazil’s territory. On the other hand, EHV is widely disseminated throughout the state, and the risk factors for this disease not only underscore the importance of proper sanitary management for control of the disease but also serve as a warning to authorities and animal health professionals.
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