Confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic can influence dietary profiles, especially those of adolescents, who are highly susceptible to acquiring bad eating habits. Adolescents’ poor dietary habits increase their subsequent risk of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular pathologies, etc. Our aim was to study nutritional modifications during COVID-19 confinement in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, compare them with their usual diet and dietary guidelines, and identify variables that may have influenced changes. Data were collected by an anonymous online questionnaire on food intake among 820 adolescents from Spain, Italy, Brazil, Colombia, and Chile. The results show that COVID-19 confinement did influence their dietary habits. In particular, we recorded modified consumption of fried food, sweet food, legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Moreover, gender, family members at home, watching TV during mealtime, country of residence, and maternal education were diversely correlated with adequate nutrition during COVID-19 confinement. Understanding the adolescents’ nutrition behavior during COVID-19 lockdown will help public health authorities reshape future policies on their nutritional recommendations, in preparation for future pandemics.
Aim: to describe physical activity and ultra-processed foods consumption, their changes and sociodemographic predictors among adolescents from countries in Europe (Italy and Spain) and Latin America (Brazil, Chile, and Colombia) during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic period. Methods: Cross-sectional study via web survey. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and weekly ultra-processed food consumption data were used. To compare the frequencies of physical activity status with sociodemographic variables, a multinomial logistic and a multiple logistic regression for habitual ultra-processed foods was performed. In final models, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Sample of 726 adolescents, mostly females (59.6%) aged 16–19 years old (54.3%). Adolescents from Latin America presented odds ratio (OR) 2.98 (CI 95% 1.80–4.94) of being inactive and those whose mothers had higher level of education were less active during lockdown [OR 0.40 (CI 95% 0.20–0.84)]. The habitual ultra-processed consumption was also high during this period in all countries, and more prevalent in Latin America. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of inactivity was observed in this population, but reductions of physical activity and habitual ultra-processed consumption during the pandemic were more pronounced in Latin America. Our findings reinforce the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle, i.e., exercise and diet, during periods of social isolation.
Abstract-A Colombian Caribbean coast sour creamis a fermented dairy product that is native to and traditionally prepared only in that area, where it is known as "Suero Costeño". On the other hand, many of the properties of dairy products such as Suero Costeño are determined by the spatial arrangement of components including the casein particles that form a protein matrix, the fat globules, dispersed water and minerals. In this work, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the effect of the addition of whey proteins on the microstructure and syneresis of Suero Costeño made from goat milk. Through micrographs obtained by a JEOL JSM 820 scanning electron microscope, it was determined that by increasing total solids, pore structure size, and therefore syneresis, decreased due to the interlocking capacity of denatured whey proteins, which increased the degree of binding between protein particles, forming a dense network.
Residual biomass waste is used as an efficient and low-cost means of removing heavy metals (nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead, mercury, arsenic, among others) from wastewater, so it is important to evaluate the potential of cocoa shell waste (Theobroma cacao L.), with three particle sizes (0.35, 0.5 and 1 mm), as an adsorber of cadmium ions and lead in aqueous solution (100 ppm) in a batch system, that was the objective of this research. It was hypothesized that the smaller the particle size, the higher the percentage of removal of cadmium and lead ions. A factorial experimental design with three levels of variation and two study factors (particle size and initial metal concentration) was implemented, carrying out 9 experiments per metal, for a total of 18. Plant segments were washed and dried, then adsorption was determined. The process of removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions was favored by particles of 0.35 mm, with which the maximum percentage (95 and 86%) of removal of Cd and Pb was obtained. The kinetic model that best fitted the experimental adsorption data was Elovich and the isothermal model that best described the results was that proposed by Freundlich. It is concluded from the results obtained in this study that cocoa shells 1112 Candelaria Tejada-Tovar et al.have great potential for removal of Cd and Pb in aqueous solutions in a satisfactory manner.
The supercritical fluid extraction is an effective technology in the recovery of biologically valuable compounds from grape seed. In this work, the effect of the main operational parameters involved in the supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from grape seeds was investigated. The oil extraction yield oil was determined as a function of pressure (20 MPa and 30 MPa), temperature (313 K and 333K), solvent flow (1 g/min and 5 g/min) and particle size (0.4 mm and 0.80 mm). The oil extraction yield increased with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature, due to the influence of pressure and temperature on oil solubility. On the other hand, the smaller was the particles, the higher the final yield. Although the oil extraction yield increased with the increased solvent flow, it should be noted that specific CO2 consumption also increased.
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