Background. RNA helicases have various essential functions in basically all aspects of RNA metabolism, not only unwinding RNA but also disturbing the interaction of RNA with proteins. Recently, RNA helicases have been considered potential targets in cancers. So far, there has been no detailed investigation of the biological functions of RNA helicase DHX37 in cancers. Objective. We aim to identify the prognostic value of DHX37 associated with tumor microenvironments in cancers. Methods. DHX37 expression was examined via the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). We explored the prognostic role of DHX37 in cancers across various databases. Coexpression genes, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and fundamental regulators were performed via LinkedOmics. Confirming the prognostic value of DHX37 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we explored the role of DHX37 in infiltrated lymphocytes in cancers using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and TIMER databases. Results. Through GO and KEGG analyses, expression of DHX37 was also correlated with complex function-specific networks involving the ribosome and RNA metabolic signaling pathways. In LIHC and LUAD, DHX37 expression showed significant positive correlations with markers of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T cell exhaustion, contributing to immune tolerance. Conclusion. These results indicate that DHX37 can serve as a prognostic biomarker in LIHC and LUAD while having an important role in immune tolerance by activating the function of Tregs, MDSC, and T cell exhaustion.
Background: Benign or malignant breast lesions with typical ultrasonic characteristics could be easily and correctly diagnosed with two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US). However, diagnosis of atypical lesions remains a challenge. Most atypical lesions have different ultrasonographic features with probe direction variation. Thus, the interpretation of ultrasonographic features based on static images empirically collected by sonographers might be inaccurate. We aimed to investigate the section discrepancy and diagnostic performance of breast lesions in 2D US by dynamic videos versus static images.Methods: Static images and dynamic videos based on two perpendicular planes of 468 breast lesions were collected and evaluated. The Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI-RADS®) US lexicon was used. Category 3 was used as the cut-off point, and section discrepancy was defined as two perpendicular planes showing different BI-RADS categories (3 versus 4A, 4B, 4C, and 5).Results: This retrospective study included 315 benign and 153 malignant lesions. There were 53 and 50 lesions with section discrepancy during static and dynamic observations, respectively. The proportion of benign lesions with section discrepancy was significantly higher than that of malignant lesions (P < 0.05) either in dynamic or static observation, and the contingency coefficient was 0.2 between section discrepancy and histopathology. Duct changes were more clearly depicted in dynamic videos than in static images (P < 0.05) both in malignant and benign lesions. Calcification and architectural distortion were more sensitively detected by dynamic videos than with static images (P < 0.05) in malignant lesions. The interpretation of “margin” significantly differed in benign lesions between static images and dynamic videos (P < 0.05). The areas under the curve of static image-horizontal, static image-sagittal, dynamic video-horizontal, and dynamic video-sagittal were 0.807, 0.820, 0.837, and 0.846, respectively. The specificities of dynamic videos were higher than those of static images (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Breast lesions have section discrepancy in 2D US. Observations based on dynamic videos could more accurately reflect lesion features and increase the specificity of US in the differentiation of atypical breast lesions.
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