Research on relationships between physical fitness and sleep duration among older adults is scarce, especially in Taiwanese representative samples of elderly people who undergo physical fitness measurements. This study aimed to determine the associations between physical fitness and short and long sleep durations among older adults in Taiwan. We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed data derived from the National Physical Fitness Survey in Taiwan. A total of 24,125 Taiwanese adults aged 65 years and older participated in this study between October 2014 and March 2015. Each individual’s sleep duration was recorded with a standard questionnaire method. Sleep duration data were stratified into short (≤5 h), normal (6–7 h), and long (≥8 h) sleep duration groups. Physical fitness was assessed by five components: aerobic endurance (2 min step test), muscle strength and endurance (30 s arm curl and 30 s chair stand tests), flexibility (back scratch and chair sit-and-reach tests), body composition (body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), and balance (one-leg stance with eye open and 8-foot up-and-go tests). To understand whether a dose–response relationship exists between physical fitness and short or long sleep duration, we analyzed four levels of performance on the basis of quartiles of physical fitness measurements by using logistic regression. The first quartile of physical fitness performance was the baseline level. The odds ratio (OR) for short sleep duration for the third quartile of BMI was 0.8031 times (95% CI, 0.7119–0.9061) lower than the baseline. For the fourth quartile of BMI, the OR was 0.8660 times (95% CI, 0.7653–0.9800) lower than the baseline. The adjusted OR for long sleep duration significantly decreased in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of the 30 s chair stand, back scratch, chair sit-and-reach test, one-leg stance with one eye open, and BMI. The adjusted OR was increased in the third and fourth quartiles of the 8-foot up-and-go and WHR. The results of the current study suggest that physical fitness performance may influence sleep duration as an associated factor, and the relationship is much stronger for long sleep duration than for short sleep duration.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of self-reported happiness with body mass index and obesity risks among young adults aged in Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with secondary data sets from the Taiwan National Physical Activity Survey, a nationally representative survey of Taiwan's population. A total of 10,638 young adults aged 18-44 years were ultimately enrolled in this study from August to October 2020. Demographic characteristics, self-reported health status, self- evaluations (comprising height, body weight, and happiness), and zip code of residence were among the data obtained through the national telephone survey. Results: The results showed that after adjusting for potential confounders in the unhappy group, the obesity was significantly associated with happiness. (odds ratio [OR] = 0.637, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0494-0.820, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study revealed that body component and obesity risk are the factors affecting happiness among young adults in Taiwan. Moreover, obesity showed the negative correlation with happiness after adjusting for confounding factors.