Objective: To determine the drug utilization pattern among HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) outpatients in antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre of a tertiary care hospital. Method: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal follow up study of one year duration. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1491 prescriptions were collected from 250 HIV positive patients. Majority of the drugs were prescribed in oral dosage form. The average number of drugs per encounter was 4.26 and the average drug cost per encounter was INR 850.52. In majority of encounters (52.9%) first line HAART regimen was prescribed. The most common regimen prescribed among the first line HAART was the combination of Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine (26.76%). The medication class most commonly prescribed were antiretroviral agents (39%). Antimicrobial agents were the second most common class of drugs prescribed (29.6%) with cotrimoxazole being the most common. The third most commonly prescribed drug class was vitamins (18.72%). There were total of 36 substitutions within the first line regimens with substitution of zidovudine by stavudine being the most common. In our study the optimal level of adherence as suggested by the national guidelines was achieved in 87.77% of encounters. Conclusion: Overall our results suggest that the prescribing pattern to be in accordance with national guidelines but there still remains a scope for improvement by using viral load as a biomarker instead of CD4 count. Also we would suggest a periodical external quality assessment of counsellors of all ART centres for further enhancement of adherence level.
A cross-sectional observational study of 6 months duration was done in a tertiary care hospital to determine the drug utilization pattern among diabetic outpatients. We analyzed the collected data by using descriptive statistics and determined drug use indicators, defined daily dose (DDD)/ 1000 inhabitants/day and utilization pattern of antidiabetic drug. Antidiabetic drugs were classified according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and their consumption was measured in terms of DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. 625 prescriptions were collected during this study. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constituted the most predominant (95.36 %) group of patients; hence oral antidiabeticdrugs were prescribed to a major extent. The average number of drugs per encounter was 4.18 and the average drug cost per encounter was 269.04 Indian National Rupees (INR). Majority of the patients (77.44 %) were receiving three or more drugs. Monotherapy was observed in 29.6 % of patients with insulin as the most predominant concurrently prescribed drug (13.28 %). Dual therapy was prescribed to 45.44 % patients with metformin and glibenclamide (25.44 %) being the predominant combination. Among the various insulin regimens, typical split-mixed regimen (77.18 %) was the most frequently prescribed regime. Our results suggest that there still remains a scope for improving the prescribing pattern of antidiabetic drugs. The favoured use of metformin is acceptable, but the preference of glibenclamide over other sulfonylureas is unsound.
Background: The data for adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDRs) is limited in Gujarat. The ACDRs are one of the frequent ADRs and cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients of all areas of healthcare today. They are responsible for significant number of hospital admissions. Thus, the present study emphasises on the need and importance of an effective pharmacovigilance programme.Methods: A prospective study was undertaken in a 183 cases tertiary care teaching hospital of India. Male to female ratio, most common class of drug, individual drug causing ACDR, common types of ACDRs Parameters were studied. Other Parameters like Causality, preventability and severe or non-severe reactions were analyzed.Results: Majority of the patients (48%) with CADR belonged to the age group 25-44 followed by 45-64 (28%). Most frequent adverse cutaneous drug reactions reported were Urticaria (40%), Maculopapular rash (25%) & Fixed drug eruptions (21%) in decreasing order of frequency. Majority of reactions (96%) were Bizarre/Unpredictable in nature. As a group, antimicrobials (46%) were most frequently associated with CADR followed by NSAIDs (31%) and antiepileptics (11%). Most of the reactions (93%) were mild-moderate and probable (77%) in nature. Approximately 60% of ACDRs reported in this study were preventable.Conclusions: There was slight male preponderance except acneiform eruptions. Cotrimoxazole being the most common offending drug then after Ibuprofen, Phenytoin among the anti-inflammatory, analgesics, antiepileptics class. Causality assessment resulted in high score 77% of probable category.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.