Indonesia has sustained annual forest fires since the 1990s related to land clearing activities for agriculture. The Indonesian Government has made substantial efforts to resolve annual fires by improving intergovernmental coordination at national and local levels. Overall, 96 government agencies are liable for controlling forest fire. This study explores local to central government’s bureaucratic reluctance in addressing forest fires, focusing on Riau Province, the most forest fire-prone region in Indonesia. Data were collected from 2015 to 2019 using participatory observation, engaging in meetings of key players; in-depth interviews with key heads of relevant agencies, officials, and NGOs; and a questionnaire for Social Network Analysis. The results show that there are seven influential institutions for addressing land and forest fires in Riau. However, the power of the decision-making process is concentrated at the level of the President and the Governor as the regional leader, which implies that large institutions involved in fire response have less power and responsibility owing in part to bureaucratic inertia as bureaucracy is overly centralised and less responsive. In the long term, devolution of government authority from the central to the local level is required to furnish front-line institutions with the power to deal with the fires.
Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new pest in Indonesia that attacks corn plants. S. frugiperda larvae damage by eating the leaves to the growing point which can result in yield loss from 55 to 100%. This pest reportedly attacked corn plantations at the beginning of 2019 then spread almost throughout Indonesia. This study aims to study the distribution and population dynamic of S. frugiperda in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Preliminary research was conducted in Sleman and Bantul regency covering all district in these areas, then the research was continued in six corn fields in Bantul regency (Kasihan, Pajangan, Sedayu) district. The result show that the S. frugiperda has been spread throughout Bantul and Sleman District. The populations of S. frugiperda are different in each location, the density of each larvae ranged from 0-1 larvae per plant. Larvae population increased by increasing the age of plants. Mortality of S. frugiperda larvae found in the field was relatively low. Mortality is caused by fungal infections, entomopathogenic bacteria, parasitoid insect Tachinidae sp.1 and predatory insects Coccinella transversalis. The population rate was influenced by the internal factors of S. frugiperda itself that is the life cycle.
The paper shows that air quality aspects rise from forest fires in Indonesia and they have associations with a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including respiratory health problems. Due to the unpredictable nature of forest fires, it is challenging for public health authorities to evaluate the potential exposures before they occur reliably. Using GIS software, zoning was made om Riau Province, Indonesia. The data shows that the highest fire hotspot was in 2015 by 12,854 and the lowest was 527 in 2017 as well as the lowest Respiratory Disorder Cases in 2017 was 371,044. The Finding proves that smoke has a significant negative effect on increasing respiratory problems Therefore, it also indicates that smoke and haze forecastings are effective tools and challenging to be developed that can be used as public health predictions and establish a suitable policy on forest fires. However, their inherent uncertainties limit their widespread adoption. Observed measurements from air quality monitoring networks and remote sensing platforms are more reliable, but they are inherently retrospective.
This study is an analysis of the main criteria and indicators utilised in strengthening local institutions in charge of forest management towards dealing with forest fire incidents in Riau Province, Indonesia. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation. Out of the 120 questionnaires distributed to stakeholders, 81 responses were received and analysed using Microsoft Excel and with structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques using SPSS and SmartPLS. Four dimensions, including organization, capacity, authority, and governance, were respectively measured using ten indicators. The results showed a significant correlation between local institutions and these dimension variables in highlighting forest management issues. The results suggest a need to strengthen local institutions’ institutional arrangements and their capacities in order to ensure the effective management of natural resources, which may be achievable through the support and co-operation of government institutions and communities.
Surjan and conventional rice fields are two rice farming systems grown in polyculture and monoculture. Differences in agricultural systems can affect insect diversity. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Surjan and conventional rice field ecosystems on the diversity and abundance of detritivores, pollinators, and neutral insects. The research was conducted in Panjatan District, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta with a survey method in three areas of Surjan and conventional rice fields. Insect samples were collected using four kinds of sweeping net traps, yellow pan traps, yellow sticky traps, and pitfall traps. The results showed that there was no difference in the number of detritivores, pollinators, and neutral insect species in Surjan and conventional rice fields. Meanwhile, the abundance of detritivores, pollinators, and insects with other functions was higher in Surjan rice fields than in conventional rice fields. The results of the analysis of the similarity of structure and species composition of detritivores, pollinators, and insects with other functions show that the structure and composition of the detritivores, pollinators, and neutral insects in Surjan rice fields tend to be different from those in conventional rice fields. Surjan and conventional rice farming systems do not affect the number of detritivores, pollinators, and neutral insect species. However, the abundance of detritivores, pollinators, and neutral insect species in Surjan and conventional rice fields is different due to the differences in plant composition and structure in the two types of rice fields.
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