Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Awareness of risk factors of CVD is the first step towards effective preventive strategies to combat the CVD burden in diabetes patients. This study aimed to assess the awareness of risk factors of CVD among patients with diabetes mellitus attending diabetic clinic of B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS). Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among 112 patients with diabetes in diabetic clinic of BPKIHS. Convenient sampling was used for data collection over duration of six weeks using interview schedule by HDFQ II tool. The data were analyzed in the statistical package for social science software (SPSS) 16 versions and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of respondent were aware about common risk factors such as (83.9%) smoking, (78.6%) physical activity, (75%) increasing age, (75.9%) high blood pressure, (71.4%) overweight respectively. Whereas most of the respondents were not aware about high cholesterol, fatty diet, preventive strategies and association of diabetes with CVD. Awareness was statistically significant with educational status, monthly income, residence, CVD information received and co-morbid condition as a heart disease. Conclusions: Based on finding most of the respondents were aware about common risk factor even though they have inadequate level of awareness on overall risk factors of CVD among the risk factor they were poorly aware about cholesterol, gender and preventive aspect. So Effective education on diet and appropriate preventive strategies of CVD are indeed important to reduce CVD burden in diabetes patients.
Background: An incident report is a formal recording of the facts related to a workplace accident, injury or near miss. So, incident should be reported properly and immediately in effective way which would lead appropriate management and prevention of incident. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and barriers of incident reports among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used among nurses working in teaching hospitals. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 208 nurses and data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire from June 18, 2019 to July 18, 2019. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: This study revealed that 73.1% of respondents had poor knowledge on incident report. Whereas common barrier identified by respondents were work complexity (40.4%), fear of blamed (59.1%), lack of protocol (50.0%) and inadequate reporting system (42.3%). Nurses level of knowledge was statistically significant with level of education (p=0.001), professional designation (p=0.001), available guideline (p=0.004) and available reporting format (p=0.014) Conclusions: This finding concluded that nurse’s knowledge is limited on incident reports and number of barrier of incident reporting had been identified. With this information nurses knowledge should be upgraded by providing in service education on incident report and availability of protocol along this hospital administrator should support, ensure anonymity and create a strong safety culture within hospital which will reinforce staff to report incident immediately thus to reduce the reoccurrence of errors and enhance patient’s safety.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide which can severely impair the individual’s quality of life. The study aimed to assess the quality of life of patients having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in medical OPD of Chitwan Medical College. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 203 patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease for at least 3 months. Data were collected from July 16, 2021 to January 14, 2022 using a WHO Quality of Life Scale-Brief through face-to-face interview. Transformation of the scores was done to standardize the raw scores by using the formula applied for linear transformation is as follows: [(Actual raw score - Lowest possible raw score)/Possible raw score range]*100. Results: The mean score and standard deviation of total QOL was 40.64 ± 18.41, where 52.23 ± 13.68 for physical, 47.84 ± 9.70 for psychological, 66.63 ± 9.25 for social and 54.62 ± 13.44 for environment domain showing higher impairment in psychological. Sex (0.031), type of family (0.042), educational status (<0.001), smoking habit (0.005) and duration of COPD (<0.001) were found statistically significant with total QOL of COPD patient. Conclusions: This study showed an impaired quality of life in COPD patients. Longer disease duration and smoking habit of patient impacted negatively on their QOL. Hence, attention should be paid by health professional for enhancing QOL by addressing those factors while treating them in health care setting.
Background: Oral Anti-coagulant is widely used for the prevention and treatment of cardiac and thromboembolic diseases. As oral anticoagulant is a narrow therapeutic index medicine, it requires close monitoring to achieve effectiveness of anticoagulants therapy. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess adherence to anticoagulant therapy and its awareness among cardiac patients attending cardiac OPD of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Chitwan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out among 91 cardiac patients attending cardiac OPD of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital sample was selected by using Consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected using structured interview schedule. General medication adherence scale and self-prepared structured questionnaire of awareness of anticoagulant therapy was used. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 20 by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Out of 91 respondents 42.9% of the respondents had partial adherence while 33.0% had good adherence. Only 6% of the respondents had high adherence, 7.7% and 9.9% of the respondents had poor and low respectively. Regarding awareness of anticoagulant therapy 63.7% of the respondents had inadequate level of awareness. There was statistically significant relationship between level of awareness with educational status (0.02), having insurance (0.05) and drug duration (0.05). Conclusions: Based on this finding respondent’s awareness was found to be low on the risk effects of alcohol intake, drugs and food interaction and self-limiting of injurious activities and most identified reason for non-adherence is discontinue due to feeling well, adverse effect and progression of disease. So, clinician and nurse should design an effective instructional program about anticoagulant therapy by highlighting those limited area thus to enhance adherence and prevent life threatening complications.
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