The species of the genus Allium L., one of the largest genera of higher plants,occupying a significant place in the modern plant world, are of great interest bothfrom the theoretical and from the practical point of view. Plants of Allium spp.accumulate a large amount of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds (flavonoids andits glycosides, coumarins, anthocyanins, catechins), amino acids and organosulfurcompounds, such as allicin – a precursor for alkaloids and saponins formation.Secondary metabolites of Allium spp. have been successfully used during the pastfew decades in plants protection against pests and pathogens. We have earlierreported about high insecticidal and antifeedant properties of extracts from A.subhirsutum L., A. narcissiflorum Vill. and A. ramosum L. The highest insecticidalproperties against imago (20.0%) and larvae (60.0%) of Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidaea) were demonstrated by extract from aerial part of A.subhirsutum. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the insecticidal,antifeedant and repellent properties of A. rotundum L. extracts against variousspecies of insects. As a result, it was found that the ethanolic extracts from theaerial part possessed the moderate level (40.0%) of insecticidal properties againstthe larvae of the L. decemlineata and low – against the imago (6.7-13.3%).Moreover, the extracts of A. rotundum showed moderate level of insecticidal,antifeedant and repellent activity against the larvae of lepidopterans (cottonbudworm Helicoverpa armigera and wax moths Galleria mellonella).
The purpose of our work was to study the effect of Slovak origin alginite on germination of tomato seeds, growth and development of plants, as well as to evaluate biological activity of alginite against to insect pests. Tomato seeds with low germination capacity were treated by immersion in alginite solutions of concentration 0.0001-0.1 %. Alginite solutions with concentrations of 0.1-5.0 % were used for testing against insects. The application of alginite solutions significantly increases the germination of tomato seeds in laboratory conditions by 9.2-13.0 %. There was a significant increase in the length of seedlings and roots by 1.87-2.98 cm and 3.54-4.51 cm. In a greenhouse presowing treatment of tomato seeds with 0.001 % alginite solution significantly increased germination in comparison with the control (by 33.2 %) and 0.01 and 0.1 % alginite solutions (by 22.2 and 25.0 %). Monitoring of plant height showed that a month after the first seedlings emergence the average plant height was significantly higher in the variant 0.001 % alginite solution and reached to 11.41 cm. The yield of fruits in the variants treated with alginite solutions significantly exceeded the control by 316.53-327.71 g per one tomato bush. It was found that alginite solutions at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 % had low ovicidal (2.73-13.19 %) and insecticidal (5.0-33.3 %) effects against insects belonging to different orders -Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera), Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) and Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera). Alginite solutions did not have contact insecticidal activity; the death of insects was caused mainly by the consumption of treated feed. At the same time, a high antifeedant effect was revealed from 45.0 to 85.0 % against adults and larvae of 2-3 instars of L. decemlineata and larvae of 2-3 instars of G. mellonella. To conclude, the application of alginite contributed to an increase in seed germination and plant productivity, and it did not reveal significant biological activity against insects.
The diversification of beech genotypes on the territory of the Republic of Moldova could be a so-lution to avoid the risks caused by climate change. The objective of this research was to determine the viability of beech seeds collected from four areas of the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Ukraine) and their modi-fication under the influence of various abiotic factors. The analyzed seeds possessed high viability (77.89 – 96.63%), which under the influence of supra optimal temperature +40°C decreased 1.3-1.4 times de-pending on the applied dose. Seeds exposed to heat treatment used reserve substances for radicle growth 1.4 – 1.6 times more than the control.
The antennae reaction of the males Heliothis armigera was estimated by means of the electroantenographic apparatus to the components obtained from the extract of the pheromone glands of the females. It was found that the main component (Z11-16Al) caused a well-pronounced reaction on the male antennae. It has been shown that the pheromone emitted by the females of the native population does not differ from the pheromone emitted by the females of the species Heliothis armigera, which lives in the geographical area of the Asian continent. The seasonal sexual cycle of the species Heliothis armigera was determined in the conditions of the natural habitat of the Republic of Moldova.
Juniperus sabina L. (Cupressaceae Gray), savin juniper or savin, is a perennial shrub, native to the mountains of central and southern Europe and western and central Asia, from Spain to eastern Siberia. The extracts and essential oil from Juniperus sabina find application in the different directions, including medicine, food industry and agriculture. In the Republic of Moldova the species Juniperus sabina is widely cultivated and used for the landscape gardening and planting of greenery. As a result of annual green pruning of existing in the republic juniper plantations, it is possible to obtain at least 2-3 tons of raw material, extracts of which possess biological activity. The biological activity of essential oil from species of Juniperus sabina growing in Moldova has not been sufficiently studied at the present time, and, moreover, there are no data on the quantitative content of essential oil in it. Therefore, the aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the quantitative content of essential oil in fresh and dried plant materials of the Juniperus sabina, growing in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. Extraction oil from plant raw materials was performed according to a hydrodistillation method (HD) in which the essential oils are evaporated by heating a mixture of water and plant materials at atmospheric pressure, followed by the liquefaction of the vapors in a condenser (reflux) and collection in receiving vessel Ginsberg. It has been found that the amount of essential oil extracted from the plant J. sabina significantly depended on the extraction time (р ≤0.05) and was average from 1.47 ml for 1 hour of extraction to 2.16 ml for 2.5 hours (from 100 g dried plant materials in the recount of the absolutely dry weight of the raw materials). In the fresh plant materials of the Juniperus sabina amount of essential oil also significantly depended on the extraction time (р ≤0.05) and reached from 1.0 to 2.86 ml (from 100 g fresh plant materials in the recount of the absolutely dry weight of the raw materials). As a result, in the needles (acerouse leaf ) of Juniperus sabina, growing in the Republic of Moldova, contains not less than 1.1% of essential oil, which is fullest extracted both from fresh and from dried raw materials, during 2.5 hours.
The development and use of biological preparations based on plant secondary metabolites is an important trend in modern organic farming. Among secondary metabolites, a significant place is belong to substances of the class of terpenoids (isoprenoids), which possess a wide spectrum of biological activity and practically no toxicity to warm-blooded animals and humans. One of the main sources of terpenoids is conifers, such as Juniperus sabina L. (Cupressaceae) and Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae), which in quantitative content and qualitative composition are vastly superior to other widely distributed species in the plant world. Thus, the secondary metabolites of savin juniper and scots pines advantageous as a raw material for the production of various biological preparations for organic agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the biological activity of extracts and essential oils from species of Juniperus sabina and Pinus sylvestris, growing in the Republic of Moldova (RM) and Slovak Republic, Nitra (SN) and Pianiny mountains (PM). The antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of Coniferous was determined by two procedures with appreciation of their radical scavenging capacities against DPPH and peroxyl free radicals and was evaluated in equivalent of standard substances (Trolox and gallic acid) and by indexes IC 50 . According to the determined indexes the antioxidant activity of tested extracts from Coniferous plants was qualified in followed order: J. sabina SN ˃ J. sabina PM ˃ J. sabina RM˃ P. sylvestris RM ≥ P. sylvestris SN. Moreover, it was established that both ethanolic extracts and essential oil J. sabina possessed high efficiency against Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say and Galleria mellonella L. Mortality of imago and larvae consisted in average 6.7-53.3 and 66.7-100% respectively, ovicidal activity was 100%, and antifeedant effect persisted at the level of 1-3 points. The treatment of feed and insects with the essential oils of P. sylvestris needles resulted in the death of only 6.7-13.3% of the wax moth larvae.
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