Background Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) patients have lower pulmonary functions than normal healthy individuals as they usually have decreased chest wall mobility, deviation of optimal chest wall structure, and weak respiratory muscles.Purpose The aim was to study the effect of incentive spirometer exercise (ISE) on spirometry pulmonary function in children with spastic CP.Materials and methods Fifty spastic CP patients were randomly divided into two groups: the study group consisted of 30 patients and the control group consisted of 20 patients. Both groups were following and doing physiotherapy in the National Institute of Neuromotor System, the study group added incentive spirometer exercise to their physiotherapy program. We assessed forced expiratory volume at first second (FEV 1 %), the forced vital capacity (FVC %), FEV 1 / FVC ratio, and maximal mid-expiratory flow before and after 4 weeks of exercise and lastly after another 4 weeks of exercise.
ResultsThe authors found significant improvements in FEV 1 %, FVC %, and maximal mid-expiratory flow in the study group, but not in the control group.
ConclusionThe authors support the use of ISE for improving pulmonary functions in children with spastic CP.
In this paper, Health-related quality of life has not been adequately measured in bladder cancer. A recently developed reliable and disease-specific quality of life instrument (Bladder Cancer Index, BCI) was used to measure. Progressive type II censoring schemes have potential usefulness in practice where budget constraints in place or there is a necessity for the speedy test. To test the process capability, the lifetime performance index [Formula: see text] is widely recommended for evaluating the performance of the product’s lifetime and evaluating the lifetime performance index [Formula: see text] for the three-parameter Weighted-Lomax distribution (WLx) under progressive type-II censoring sample for a lower specification limit ([Formula: see text]). The statistical inference concerning [Formula: see text] is conducted via obtaining the maximum likelihood of [Formula: see text] on the base of progressive type-II censoring. The asymptotic normal distribution of the MLE of [Formula: see text] and the confidence interval is proposed. Moreover, the hypothesis testing of [Formula: see text] for evaluating the lifetime performance of WLx data is conducted. Also, assuming the conjugate prior distribution and squared error loss function, this study constructs a Bayes estimator of [Formula: see text]. The Bayes estimator of [Formula: see text]is then utilized to develop a credible interval in the condition of known [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we propose a Bayesian test to assess the lifetime performance of products. We also propose a Bayesian test to assess the lifetime performance of products. Finally, two examples are given, one of them is considering a real life data of the remission times of bladder cancer patients in endurance lifetime test and the other is a simulated example to illustrate the usage of the proposed procedure.
In this paper, we derived a new distribution named as truncated Weibull Rayleigh (TW-R) distribution. Its characterization and statistical properties are obtained, such as reliability function, hazard function, reversed hazard rate function, cumulative hazard rate function, quantile function, rth moment, incomplete moments, Rényi and q entropies and order statistic. Parameter estimation is implemented using method of maximum-likelihood estimation and Fisher information matrix is derived. Finally, application of the presented new distribution to a real data representing the failure times of 63 airbcraft Windshield is given and its goodness-of-fit is demonstrated. In addition to, comparisons to other models are implemented to show the flexibility of the presented model.
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