Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of DWI in differentiating benign and malignant meningiomas keeping histopathology as gold standard. Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study conducted at Radiology Department, DUHS/Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, from August 2016 to March 2018. It included152 patients clinically suspected of meningioma on conventional neuroimaging. Imaging features of DWI were compared with histopathology findings. The diagnostic accuracy of DWI was calculated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV using histopathology as gold standard. Results: There were 59 male and 93 female patients with mean age of 55.38±9.8 years. Mean duration of sign and symptoms was 5.67±2.57 months. Out of 152 patients, 117(77%) and 35(23%) were differentiated into benign and malignant meningiomas respectively by DWI while 135(88.82%) and17(11.18%) patients were diagnosed respectively on histopathology. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of DWI of 84.4%, 82.3%, 97.4%, 40%, and 84.2% respectively keeping histopathology as gold standard. Conclusion: DWI features along with calculation of ADC values is a reliable non-invasive technique for differentiating benign and malignant meningiomas. However the low negative predictive value necessitates the use of histopathology. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.1011 How to cite this:Sohu DM, Sohail S, Shaikh R. Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion weighted mri in differentiating benign and malignant meningiomas. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.1011 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Aim: To evaluate the transvaginal ultrasound in management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Hospital Sukkur from 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: In this prospective study one hundred patients were enrolled. The patients were scrutinized on bases of their abnormal uterine bleeding and underwent transvaginal ultrasound. The clinical and demographic information was recorded and the sonographic results were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference of age with the number of their births. Menorrhagia was observed in 13% while 57(57%) had metrorrhagia and 30% were having menometrorrhagia. The abnormal uterine bleeding diagnosis was made and it was seen that 61% leiomyoma, 22% polyp, 12% adenomyosis and 5% endometrial adenocarcinoma cases were presented respectively. Within these cases endometrial adenocarcinoma had transvaginal scan sensitivity of 100% followed by leiomyoma as 93% transvaginal scan sensitivity in cases. Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasound is an efficient way of managing abnormal uterine bleeding. Keywords: Uterine bleeding, Transvaginal, Ultrasonography

Aim: To assess the role of computed tomography for management of Covid-19. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Teaching Hospital Sukkur from 1st November 2020 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred cases within various ages 5-55 years for analyzing their risk for CT scanning on them by highlighting the facts related to CT scan, patient perceptions and uncertainties regarding it. A 50 radiologist and 50 emergency doctors were also asked questions regarding their knowledge about CT scan risks and their responses were also documented. However previous CT record of patients suffering from carcinoma was also analyzed for understanding the fact related with CT imaging. Results: The mean age of patients undergoing CT scan was 39.5±5.6 years. There were 55% males who underwent CT scans while 45% females. The usual dosage for various radiological procedure shows that highest dose deliverance was given to the patients of CT pulmonary angiogram and coronary angiography. Only 50% of radiologists knew that CT scan is associated with high risk of malignancies. There were only 10% emergency medical doctors who also knew CT imaging relation with malignancy risk. Only 54% patients considered abdomen pelvic scan to be associated with increasing lifetime risk of cancer while 23% of the patients considered chest scan to be associated with escalating the risk of cancer. Conclusion: Computed tomography scan is related with a high risk of radiation exposure. There is a dire need of perception development and risk understanding with medical professionals and general public for minimizing this risk. Key words: Computed tomography, Risk, Facts, Perception, Uncertainties

Aim: To assess the role of chest computed tomography for management of Covid-19. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad from 1st August 2020 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients were enrolled within the age range of 18-70 years. The clinical/medical record of all those patients who were moderately to critically ill assessed in detail. These patients visited the hospital with symptoms of cough, fever, hypoxia, dyspnea, diarrhoea, flu, headache and other related symptoms. All patients underwent chest reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as well as chest computed tomography scan. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed through nasopharyngeal swab. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.5±5.6 years with 120 (60%) males and 80 (40%) females. The specificity was 75%, sensitivity 100%, positive predictive value 79%, negative predictive value 66.67% and diagnostic accuracy 75%. Conclusion: Computed tomography scan imaging is a most reliable with high sensitivity and non-predictive value Key words: Role, Computed tomography imaging, Management, Covid-19

Objective: To investigate clinical correlation of ovarian cyst malignant or benign with ultrasound reports. Study Design: Prospective observational study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur from 1st November 2019 to 31st July 2021 Methodology: Ninety five patients with accidental diagnosis of ovarian mass were enrolled as patients and had symptoms of abdominal pain, palpable-mass as well as irregularities in the menstrual cycles. Diagnosis of each patient was based on ultrasound which was assisted with TVS or Doppler depending upon the cases under consideration. The ultrasonographical reports were correlated with the clinical examination and diagnosis findings for better assessment of the ovarian mass. Results: Mean age was 42 years with 62.3% those women who were in reproductive age while rest were having menopause. 70% were presenting abdominal pain and 2% were asymptomatic. Doppler scan reports showed that all cases of malignancy were having high vascularity with R1< 0.4 in 100% of cases while R1>0.4 was highest in benign cases. The ultrasonographical imaging showed an obvious variance in the imaging reports of benign verses malignant cases where an irregular margin mass was prominently noticeable in cases of malignant ovarian tumor. Conclusion: High sensitivity and specificity was also seen among clinical cases correlated with ultrasound having Doppler scanning. Keywords: Ultrasonography, Ovarian cyst, Tumors, Adnexal masses

Aim: To compare chest computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of ground glass opacities in the COVID-19 patients. Study design: Retrospective study. Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur from 1st July 2020 to 31 August 2021. Methodology: Fifty patients on differential CT diagnosis of ground glass opacities seen in COVID 19 patients were enrolled. Thoracic CT images by applying auto exposure-control settings and ranges of scan were done. The noise-index was kept as 12.3. Using helical 16 slice Alexion CT-Toshiba. Keeping a comparison with viral infection CT images a list of 7 signs which were positive for Covid CT scan were recorded. Peripheral lesions meant any lesions which effects peripheral area up to 3 to 4 cm lung periphery with/without having central dispersal. A hazy-opacity was termed as ground glass. Results: Mean age of the patients was 49.1±10.2 years with 27 (54%) males and 23(46%) females. Mix ground glass opacitites and consolidation were also the features of the CT imaging in coronavirus posisitve cases. Man-Whitney test results showed that combined-CT scoring had a SE value as 0.044 with a confidence interval between 0.756-0.927. Comparing the differential CT values within COVID and non COVID patients based on RT PCR results it was observed that posterior region lower lobe involvement was a feature of COVID-19 patients while crazy paving pattern and peripheral distribution was also seen in corona patients. Conclusion: Present study highlights that chest CT helps in differentitaing corona virus from other causes of pneumonias and grond glass opacities. Key words: Chest CT; Differential diagnosis; COVID-19; Ground glass opacities (GGO)