<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A variety of inflammatory, non neoplastic and neoplastic masses involving nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx are commonly encountered in ENT clinics. The objective was to study the demographic profile, clinical presentation, radiological findings and its correlation with the histopathological findings of masses of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The study was conducted on patients having sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses admitted in dept of ENT, GMC, Patiala from August 2014 to July 2016. The study was designed to evaluate demographic distribution, clinicopathological features, radiological findings of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses and to evaluate the correlation of clinical and radiological findings with histopathological diagnosis.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Analysis of 50 cases of masses in nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx was done. Male to female ratio was 1.38:1. The commonest site was nasal cavity followed by paranasal sinuses. Nasal polyp was the most common non-neoplastic lesion. Among the neoplastic lesions studied, inverted papilloma was the most common benign lesion and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion observed. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">For proper evaluation of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses, clinical, radiological and histopathological evaluation should be done in all patients. Although radiology provides a road map to endoscopic surgeons for any existing or impending complications but histopathology always gives a confirmatory diagnosis.</span></p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Topical applications of hyaluronic acid have been found to have beneficial effects on closure of tympanic membrane perforations.<strong> </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of 1% sodium hyaluronate in the repair of small or medium sized dry central tympanic membrane perforation and improvement in hearing following closure of tympanic membrane perforation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients with dry central perforation of inflammatory or traumatic origin were taken up. Maximum of 4 applications of 1% sodium hyaluronate were given at weekly intervals. Final mapping for closure of tympanic membrane perforation and hearing assessment was done after 3 months.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 26 perforations closed completely while 18 perforations showed significant reduction in size. Thus 44 or 88% perforations showed positive response to 1% sodium hyaluronate application. Hearing Improvement was observed on pure tone audiometry with the average hearing gain in patients after complete closure of tympanic membrane perforation was 12.40 dB with p value of 0.001.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Study showed the beneficial effects of 1% sodium hyaluronate application in closure of small and medium size perforations of tympanic membrane perforation and improvement in hearing.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The nasal masses are most commonly encountered condition in outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology. The purpose of this study was to show the clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation of sino nasal masses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on 100 cases with sino nasal masses over a period of 2 years. A provisional diagnosis was made after clinical and radiological investigation which was confirmed with histopathological examination and the findings were correlated.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The number of non-neoplastic lesions were more than neoplastic lesions (75% vs 25%). Incidence was highest in the age group of 31-40 year (21%) with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. In our study among non-neoplastic lesion, inflammatory lesion had highest frequency (75%). We found clinical and histopathological correlation in 94.6% cases (p value 0.04). 93.33% cases correlated radiologically and histopathologically (p value 0.04).    </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We concluded that for proper evaluation of sino nasal masses, clinical, radiological, histopathological evaluation should be carried out conjointly. Histopathologic evaluation remains the gold standard.</p>

<p class="abstract">Tubercular otitis media is a rare presentation of tuberculosis. High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis. We present a rare case of tubercular otitis media presenting as post auricular swelling with no evidence of pulmonary or any other foci of tuberculosis. Diagnosis was made on the basis of acid fast bacilli seen in fine needle aspirate. Anti-tubercular drugs were initiated and patient responded well to treatment.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Oral carcinoma is among the most prevalent malignancies of head and neck region and is often diagnosed in the advanced stage with significant morbidity and treatment cost. Thus, there is a need for early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Toluidine blue staining can be used for early detection of these lesions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study included 50 patients with clinically suspicious oral premalignant and malignant lesions. These lesions were subjected to toluidine blue staining and biopsy. Diagnoses were confirmed by histopathological examination.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Sensitivity and specificity of toluidine blue for oral premalignant lesions was 92.30% and 80% respectively with the positive predictive value of 92.30%, negative predictive value of 80% and accuracy of 88.88%. Sensitivity and specificity of toluidine blue for oral malignant lesions was 96.30% and 80% respectively with the positive predictive value of 96.30%, negative predictive value of 80% and accuracy of 93.75%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The simplicity of toluidine blue staining and its accuracy suggest that it can be a useful adjunctive tool to diagnosis of oral lesions. Results should be carefully evaluated and correlated with clinical findings and histopathological diagnosis.</p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Adenoid hypertrophy is a common disorder in the paediatric population, presenting with multiple signs and symptoms ranging from nasal obstruction to obstructive sleep apnoea. Most common symptom is usually nasal airway obstruction. This prospective, randomized study aims to evaluate the efficacy of mometasone furoate spray in reducing size and clinical symptoms in patients with adenoid hypertrophy compared to saline spray.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 60 patients in the age group of 3-11 years were enrolled in the study. Five symptoms were included that were hypo nasal speech, snoring, night cough, open mouth breathing and nasal obstruction which were scored as never=0, mild (sometimes)=1, moderate (less than 50% of times)=2, and severe (constant)=3. Diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy was made on basis of nasal endoscopy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant improvement was seen in individual as well as overall symptom score in group A as compared to group B after 8 weeks of treatment (p&lt;0.001). There was significant improvement in mean adenoid grade as per nasal endoscopy at 8 weeks post therapy (p&lt;0.001) which was not seen after 4 weeks of therapy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Intranasal steroid sprays have good role in decreasing the symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy and has reduced number of adenoidectomies required. The long-term effects as well as optimal duration of therapy is still controversial and needs to be studied further.</p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenoidectomy is one of the commonest operations done on children. It is conventionally performed using the curettage method. This present study was done to compare the results of endoscopic powered adenoidectomy and conventional adenoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present prospective randomized study was conducted among 50 patients between 4-16 years of age requiring adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy in department of ENT in Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. All the 50 patients were divided into two groups (group A and group B) by systematic random sampling. Group A consisted of 25 patients who underwent conventional curettage adenoidectomy and group B consisted of 25 patients who underwent Microdebrider-Assisted Adenoidectomy.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In group A and B, mean±SD intraoperative blood loss (in ml) was 20.60±7.96 and 30.60±7.96 respectively. Mean±SD operative time (in minutes) was 28.60±4.71 in group A, while in group B it was 39.60±4.71 with statistically significant difference. Complete adenoid removal was found in 52% of the subjects in group A while it was found in 96% of the subjects in group B with statistically significant difference. In group A, mean±SD recovery time (in hrs) observed was 33.52±10.58 while in group B, recovery time (in hours) observed was 36.22±11.31.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the new method of microdebrider assisted powered adenoidectomy was found to be safer and more useful tool for adenoidectomy than conventional method.</p>

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