With healthcare becoming digital, patients today are more empowered than ever before. As a result, digital health solutions have become the need of the hour to keep up with an increasing number of empowered patients participating in their own treatment decisions. Digital health encompasses various platforms and systems that apply technological solutions to enhance healthcare delivery. Digital therapeutics (DTx) is one such category of digital health solutions that provides evidence-based software-driven therapeutic interventions for the prevention and management of a medical disorder or disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DTx, its functions and applications in healthcare, and associated regulatory aspects, among others.

Background: The work force in industries are at risk of developing unduly high rates of health and behaviour related problems including abuse of alcohol, betel nut and cigarette (alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption). This study describes the relationships between alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption and health promoting behaviour among industrial workers. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted on workers in various industries of Ghaziabad city with concerned authority permission. A sample size of 732 workers was calculated based on pilot study. Through Simple random sampling 732 workers in 20 to 50 years age group with informed consent were interviewed through structured, pretested, validated questionnaire in vernacular language by one calibrated investigator. Data on socio demography, alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption pattern and health behaviour were collected. The association between health promoting behaviour and alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption was analysed by Logistic regression and Chi-square test through SPSS 16 at p<0.05 and 95%CI as significant. Results: Total prevalence of alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption in study population was 88%. The prevalence of individual alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption were 82%, 68% and 79% respectively. Combined alcohol, betel nut and cigarette prevalence in study population was 58%. Alcohol and cigarette users were significantly higher (p<0.001) in 30 to 40 years age group with lower level of education having poor attitude towards health promoting behaviour, poor oral hygiene practices and rare indulgence in regular physical exercise. Conclusions: This study stimulate further research on exploring methods to prevent initiation of health risk behaviour and promote healthy behaviour with cessation help for the current alcohol, betel nut and cigarette users.

IntroductionDental caries affects humans of all ages throughout the world and remains the major dental public health problem among children globally.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the cluster sampling technique to obtain the required sample size of 400 children from urban slum population of Faridabad, Haryana, India. Data were collected using World Health Organization dentition status 1997 criteria and PUFA/pufa index.Type of studyCross-sectional study.ResultsAmong 6- to 12-year-age group, 68.5% subjects had one or more decayed deciduous teeth, of which 65.3% subjects had one or more pufa score, and 26.4% subjects were having one or more decayed permanent teeth, of which 16.7% subjects were having one or more PUFA score. The overall caries prevalence was 79.64% and overall prevalence of one or more than one PUFA+pufa was reported in 69.2% subjects.ConclusionThe findings of the study showed the relevance of PUFA/pufa index to address the neglected problem of untreated caries and its consequences. The study also suggests the importance for implementation of the primary oral care programs for this deprived population.How to cite this articleMarya C, Kataria S, Nagpal R, Oberoi SS, Dhingra C, Arora D. A Cross-sectional Study for Assessment of Untreated Dental Caries and Its Consequences among Slum-dwelling Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(1):29-33.

Introduction: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent disabling attacks of a headache with heterogeneous characterized by headache and hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. Migraine attacks can depend upon from multitude of causative factors like diet, stress, fatigue, environmental changes and hormonal changes among others. It causes painful condition where individuals suffer from recurrent episodes of headache, which could be very severe. Pain sensations are discerned at various levels of the nervous system. Migraine as one of the top 20 leading neurological causes of disability according to WHO. About 12% of world's population suffers from migraine and in India about of 1200 million populations there are 150-200 million migraineurs under treatment. About 20% in females and 6% in males has prevalence of migraine. Migraine is define as a heterogeneous disorder where there is variation in attacks in duration, frequency, severity, character and associated with physical and emotional disability. There is anxiety and panic disorder with sympathetic over activity with stress being the most important triggering factor. Migraine is also associated with ischemic stroke. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays central role in the cascade of events leading to migraine attack. Aim: The main aim of this study is to testing migraine on cardiac autonomic functions and finding the sympathetic or parasympathetic dysfunction in the heart that relates with the pathogenesis of migraine. that would be employed and allowed to practice these manoeuvres. ECG was acquired by continuous recording for 5 min (320 s) which is needed for short term ECG analysis. Mean respiratory rate (RR), mean HR, total power, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF were estimated as proposed by Wang and Mishra(2006). Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic reactivity of ANS test were done with Orthostatic standing test (OST) as well as deep breathing (DB) which tests the intactness of parasympathetic function were performed after giving enough rest in between the tests. Isometric handgrip (IHG) test and cold pressor (CP) test were also performing for evaluating the sympathetic reactivity. Result: Total 30 patients were include in each group with mean age of control group 33.3 ± 5.6 and mean age of case group 30.9 ± 8.6. 24 cases in controls and 26 in cases group there is Female dominant which shown females are more prone to migraine. While compares the resting HR, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), between the cases and controls as shown in table no 1. There was not significant between Mean value for HR and mean value of DBP between cases and control. However mean value of SBP showed a P = 0.001 which was highly significant. The mean value of HR, RR interval and total power were also not statistically significant as P > 0.05. Conclusion: Evaluation of cardiovascular functions in migraine reveals sympathetic hypofunction with an intact parasympathetic activity which as indicated by a sig...

Background and Objectives:An increase in the consumption of smokeless tobacco has been noticed among high school, college students, and adults. Despite the antiquity and popularity of chewing tobacco in India, its effects have not been investigated systematically in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate acute effects of gutkha chewing on heart rate variability (HRV) among healthy young adults.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 young adult males were included in the study. Each individual was asked to chew tobacco and subjected to HRV analysis. HRV analysis using short-term electrocardiogram recording was used to measure HRV parameters before gutkha chewing and at 5, 15, and 30 min after chewing tobacco. One-way analysis of variance and paired t-test was used to assess changes over time.Results:There was a significant increase in heart rate (HR) during tobacco chewing. Mean HR at baseline measured 73.0 ± 6.2 bpm. There was a rise in mean HR to 83.7 ± 9.1 bpm at 5 min during tobacco chewing and gradual reduction to baseline observed after 15 min followed by no significant change till 30 min. The normalized low-frequency power and LF/high-frequency (HF) power ratio were elevated after 5 min; however, normalized HF power was reduced after 5 min tobacco chewing.Conclusion:Gutkha is closely associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors as detected by a transient enhancing sympathetic activity during tobacco chewing in the form of increased HRV parameters or an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity among healthy young adults.