Maxwell's equations in isotropic optically active media. In particular, the effective optical rotation path length, near index matching, is equal to the Goos-Hänchen shift 9 of the evanescent wave. The limits of this polarimeter, when using a continuous-wave laser locked to a stable high-finesse cavity, should match sensitivity measurements for linear birefringence (3x10 -13 rad) 10 , which is several orders of magnitude more sensitive than current chiral detection limits 7 , transforming the power of chiral sensing in many fields.
We measure nuclear and electron spin-polarized H and D densities of at least 10^{19} cm^{-3} with ∼10 ns lifetimes, from the photodissociation of HBr and DI with circularly polarized UV light pulses. This density is ∼6 orders of magnitude higher than that produced by conventional continuous-production methods and, surprisingly, at least 100 times higher than expected densities for this photodissociation method. We observe the hyperfine quantum beating of the H and D magnetization with a pickup coil, i.e., the respective 0.7 and 3 ns periodic transfer of polarization from the electrons to the nuclei and back. The 10^{19} cm^{-3} spin-polarized H and D density is sufficient for laser-driven ion acceleration of spin-polarized electrons, protons, or deuterons, the preparation of nuclear-spin-polarized molecules, and the demonstration of spin-polarized D-T or D-^{3}He laser fusion, for which a reactivity enhancement of ∼50% is expected.
The photolysis of pyrrole has been studied in a molecular beam at wavelengths of 250, 240, and 193.3 nm, using two different carrier gases, He and Xe. A broad bimodal distribution of H-atom fragment velocities has been observed at all wavelengths. Near threshold at both 240 and 250 nm, sharp features have been observed in the fast part of the H-atom distribution. Under appropriate molecular beam conditions, the entire H-atom loss signal from the photolysis of pyrrole at both 240 and 250 nm (including the sharp features) disappear when using Xe as opposed to He as the carrier gas. We attribute this phenomenon to cluster formation between Xe and pyrrole, and this assumption is supported by the observation of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectra for the (Xe...pyrrole) cluster followed by photofragmentation of the nascent cation cluster. Ab initio calculations are presented for the ground states of the neutral and cationic (Xe...pyrrole) clusters as a means of understanding their structural and energetic properties.
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