Electric vehicles (EVs) emerged in the transport domain, due to their energy efficiency and clean energy that they utilise. The electric vehicle routing problem is essentially a problem of selecting a set of minimum cost routes, while the demand of the customers is achieved. Route cost metrics include energy consumption and driving time. In this work, we model the electric vehicle routing problem using a wireless network methodology, namely the backpressure framework. The penalty imposed to every route includes the driving time of each road. We derive a weight as a function of the road queue backpressure and the driving time of a car. The next route for our EV is the one that has the highest weight. It turns out that this methodology leads to faster routes in that there are often roads with accidents or traffic jams, even though they are in the shortest path of the route to the destination. We present results via simulations, which verify the fact that backpressure is an efficient algorithm to be applied to electric vehicle routing. 235 Spyrou E. and Mitrakos D. A Backpressure Framework Applied to Road Traffic Routing for Electric Vehicles.
Context-aware systems allow for adapting the system behaviour to the context situation at hand and we have seen good applicability of context-aware systems in domains, such as Mobile Health. Even though this could also be useful for the Border Security domain, applying context-awareness in this domain is not trivial since the possible context situations are numerous and difficult to predict. Still, context-aware Border Security systems are needed as a possible way to overcome the inevitable shortage of resources along the borders. Smooth and fast border crossing for travellers, in combination with adequate level of security, can be achieved if: (i) at any moment, the context situation is properly captured; (ii) there is potential for behaviour and resources (from the Authorities' side) corresponding to each possible context situation. The context situation capturing is about sensors, data streaming, and so on. Establishing the right behaviour / resources is about enterprise modeling and business rules, and it is also about automation that assumes in turn integration of software applications in the overall Border Security system. In this position paper, we address all that, inspired by the SDBC Approach, Enterprise Ontology, Semiotic Norms, and the principles of Context-aware Systems. Reporting research-in-progress, we only present our way of modeling and we identify several domain-specific concerns that are related to the application of the built models. We also provide a list of recommendations that are expected to be useful with regard to possible Border Security system developments.
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