The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the literature for articles referring exclusively to the duration of orthodontic therapy and to explore the various factors that could affect this. A Medline search from 1990 to the first week of March 2005 was conducted, the Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews was utilized, five orthodontic journals were hand searched, the abstracts of related articles were reviewed to search for any relevant studies that might have been missed, and the reference lists of the retrieved articles were hand assessed. Eligibility was determined by reading the reports identified by the search. The end result of this search provided 41 articles. Although there is a need for more conclusive research, the present review revealed several conclusions concerning the duration of orthodontic treatment: (1) there are indications that extraction treatment lasts longer than the non-extraction therapy; (2) age does not seem to play a role provided the patients are in the permanent dentition; (3) when Class II division 1 malocclusions are considered, there is evidence that the earlier the orthodontic treatment begins the longer its duration; (4) there is conflicting information regarding treatment duration within public health systems; (5) combined orthodontic-surgical treatment duration is variable and appears to be operator sensitive; (6) various factors, such as the technique employed, the skill and number of operators involved, the compliance of the patients, and the severity of the initial malocclusion, all seem to play a role; and (7) impacted maxillary canines appear to prolong treatment.
1. During the first year of treatment customized lingual brackets failure frequencies (rates) are not different for the three adhesive materials tested. 2. Eliminating the etching stage when using self-etch/self-adhesive adhesives, may lead to a dramatic increase in the failure rates. 3. Silicoating of stainless steel customized lingual brackets does not seem to influence the failure of the bonds.
The aims of the study were: (1) to identify absolute condylar displacements and glenoid fossa changes; (2) to assess alterations in the condyle-fossa relationships following orthognathic surgery, by means of linear temporomandibular joint tomography. The sample consisted of 44 adults who received pre- and post-operative orthodontic therapy and management of their dentofacial deformities with various osteotomies (maxillary: 10; mandibular: 24; combined: 10). The material consisted of the tomograms of the right temporomandibular joints taken within 1 week pre-operatively, immediately post-surgery, and 6 months postoperatively. The X-rays were taken with the mouth closed. Tracing, superimposition, and interpretation of the tomograms were made according to a new method. The findings of the study regarding the groups which received mandibular or combined osteotomies indicated that immediately post-operatively there was a tendency for the condyle to be distracted downward and anteriorly from its original position in the fossa. However, in the 6 months follow-up the condyle showed a tendency to re-establish its initial position. Large variation in posterior space was observed among the patients of the mandibular osteotomy group who were also examined individually. In the maxillary osteotomy group no significant post-operative changes were observed on the average. Remodelling was noticed in both condylar and fossa surfaces of all groups.
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