ATP and creatine phosphate (PCr) are prime myocardial high-energy phosphates. Their relative concentrations are conserved among mammalian species and across a range of physiologic cardiac workloads. The cardiac PCr/ATP ratio is decreased with several pathologic conditions, such as ischemia and heart failure, but there are no reports of an increase in the cardiac PCr/ATP ratio in any species or with interventions. We studied the in vivo energetics in transgenic mice lacking expression of the glucose transport protein GLUT4 (G4N) and observed a significant 60% increase in the myocardial PCr/ATP ratio in G4N that was confirmed in three different experimental settings including intact animals. The higher PCr/ATP in G4N is cardiac-specific and is due to higher total cardiac creatine (CR) concentrations in G4N than in wild-type (WT). However, [ATP], [ADP], and -DG(-ATP) did not differ between the strains. Expression of the creatine transport protein (CreaT) that is responsible for creatine uptake in myocytes was preserved in G4N cardiac tissue. These observations demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that G4N manifest a unique increase in the cardiac PCr/ATP ratio, which suggests a novel genetic strategy for increasing myocardial creatine levels.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest Internet evolution that incorporates a diverse range of things such as sensors, actuators, and services deployed by different organizations and individuals to support a variety of applications. The information captured by IoT present an unprecedented opportunity to solve large-scale problems in those application domains to deliver services; example applications include precision agriculture, environment monitoring, smart health, smart manufacturing, and smart cities. Like all other Internet based services in the past, IoT-based services are also being developed and deployed without security consideration. By nature, IoT devices and services are vulnerable to malicious cyber threats as they cannot be given the same protection that is received by enterprise services within an enterprise perimeter. While IoT services will play an important role in our daily life resulting in improved productivity and quality of life, the trend has also "encouraged" cyber-exploitation and evolution and diversification of malicious cyber threats. Hence, there is a need for coordinated efforts from the research community to address resulting concerns, such as those presented in this special section. Several potential research topics are also identified in this special section.

The Internet of Things incorporates billions of sensors, cameras, RFID and other machines that observe and/or affect the physical world, as well as IoT applications that harvest and analyse IoT data in the cloud, edge computers, and/or the IoT devices themselves. To realise its full potential IoT must ensure the security of the IoT data and related applications that support the IoT-based services and products that are provided to their consumers. Although IoT devices, networks, and computing resources support robust security standards and include related mechanisms that can secure IoT data within the scope of these IoT components, compositions of such point security solutions often fail to ensure the security of IoT data across the IoT ecosystem. In this article we will discuss the main challenges in securing IoT data acquisition, communication, analysis, actuation and illustrate the need for IoT security solutions that are both holistic and lightweight. In addition, we propose a holistic and lightweight IoT security mechanism that via a novel combination of contextualisation with homomorphic encryption prevents harmful outcomes from lack of IoT data security.

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