The aim of this case study was to develop and verify a math model of running index (RI) for evaluation and control of specific efficiency and tracing the fatigue level in long-distance running. The suggested RI was modeled on the basis of polynomial function between the running velocity and the change in heart rate frequency (V=f(HR)). The method was designed in such a way that the influence of denivelation of the terrain was removed when calculating RI. The research was done among 19 highly qualified athletes competing in long-distance running events (16 men and 3 women), with a mean age of 28 years (SD±8), BMI 20 (SD±2), maximum oxygen consumption 67 ml/min/kg (SD ±5). The participants in the research were subjected to two lab and two terrain surveys. In a period of one week after the testing, RI was traced and calculated on the basis of the data taken from the major training loads. The model was verified only for the studied subjects - highly qualified competitors in long-distance running. RI was tested for validity through comparing the values obtained from the lab and terrain tests. The obtained results showed there was no significant difference between the values of RI measured during the lab testing and the terrain testing compared to the values of the velocity of ventilatory and lactate anaerobic threshold (VAnT). The results from this research revealed that the suggested method for calculation of the running index is more accurate than the previous ones. This manuscript discusses the possible implications of this new method for measurement of RI. Future scientific research is needed to prove its efficiency and applicability in sports.
Athletic talent represents a high level of trainability in a certain type of sport. The earlier the level of trainability is identified, the more effective the sports training of the athlete will be. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of trainability on the physical fitness of adolescent athletes as a consequence of an applied training program adequate to the age and sports experience of the athletes. This study included 52 young athletes (24 boys and 28 girls), divided into 4 groups: male athletes from the control group (n = 10, mean age 14.88 ± 1.29 years), male athletes from the experimental group (n = 14, mean age 13.72 ± 1.15 years), female athletes from the control group (n = 14, mean age 15.69 ± 1.00 years), and female athletes from the experimental group (n = 14, mean age 13.41 ± 1.68 years). The experimental groups followed a specialized 12-week program signed for the purposes of the study. All participants completed the Alpha-Fit physical fitness test battery in addition to specific fitness tests before and after the training intervention. This study showed significant differences with larger effect sizes in nearly all components of health-related and specific physical fitness for the experimental groups after the training intervention in contrast to the control groups. The results of the standing long jump in the male (184.57 ± 19.79 cm vs 200.79 ± 20.01 cm, effect size = 0.8) and female athletes (179.07 ± 18.56 cm vs 183.93 ± 16.26 cm, effect size = 0.3) from the experimental groups showed significantly better values after the intervention, which indicated that strength is highly trainable for both genders at this age (13-14 years of age). The results of this study showed that the effect of trainability on physical fitness was greater for the athletes who were following the specialized training program based on the expected transfer of development in physical qualities.
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