Os fungos endófitos estão associados com centenas de espécies vegetais, colonizando os espaços intercelulares e vasos do xilema sem provocar sintomas de doença. Visando estudar os fungos endófitos de plantas ornamentais do Sul da Bahia nove coletas sucessivas foram realizadas em três áreas selecionadas nos municípios de Ilhéus, Una e Uruçuca. Após os isolamentos foram identificados em 21 hospedeiros, 26 espécies de fungos pertencentes a 19 gêneros com destaque para Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Acremonium sp. e Glomerella cingulata. Dois isolados de cada espécie foram depositados na micoteca do laboratório de diversidade de fungos do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau. As espécies Acremonium sp. e Glomerella cingulata apresentaram índices máximos de freqüência, dominância, abundância e constância. A maior freqüência de colonização por fungos ocorreu em Heliconia bihai.Palavras-chave: Endofitismo, micodiversidade, micobiota brasileira.Endophytic fungi in ornamental tropical plants in Bahia, Brazil. Endophytic fungi are associated with hundreds of plant species colonizing intercellular spaces and xylem vessels without provoking disease symptoms. Aiming to study the endophytic fungi of ornamental plants in Southern Bahia, nine successively collectings were done in three selected areas of Ilhéus, Una and Uruçuca municipalities. Nineteen genera and 26 fungal species were identified in 21 host plants with the predomination of Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Acremonium sp. and Glomerella cingulata. Two isolates of each fungal species were deposited in the cultural collection of the fungal diversity laboratory of Cacao Research Center, Bahia, Brazil. Acremonium sp. and Glomerella cingulata presented highest rates of frequency, dominance, abundance and constancy. The highest colonization rate by fungi occurredin Heliconia bihai.
Ceratocystis wilt is a lethal disease to several hosts. This study tested the isolation of Ceratocystis spp. from the leaf blade of cacao and other hosts showing yellowing and the isolates pathogenicity to their hosts. Leaves with yellowished and/or darkened areas were disinfested and placed between slices of unripe cacao pods, like a sandwich, in a BOD chamber (25 o C), for four days. Ascospores were transferred to Petri dishes containing PDA and their colonies were preserved. The presence of C. cacaofunesta in the leaf blade of cacao tree; C. paradoxa in coconut palm; and C. fimbriata in eucalyptus, rubber, soursop, custard-apple trees and coffee plants were confirmed. To test the isolates pathogenicity, culture discs or droplets of inoculum suspensions (3 × 10 4 i.u./mL) were applied in two points on leaves of each host, with and without wound, and evaluated in four to seven days. Chlorosis, lesions, mycelia and perithecia development were observed in the midrib and on blades of inoculated leaves. Therefore, an early method of detection of Ceratocystis spp. as well as another method to evaluate pathogenicity to various hosts using whole leaves of these hosts were described in this paper.
Os fungos conidiais possuem significativa importância na decomposição de substratos vegetais. No Brasil, diversos estudos já foram realizados com esse grupo, sendo que, em alguns, foi possível relacionar a espécie vegetal a espécie fúngica associada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um checklist, baseado na literatura, de fungos conidiais associados ao folhedo de 14 espécies vegetais encontradas em ecossistemas naturais brasileiros. As metodologias utilizadas nos diferentes estudos analisados foram comparadas.Palavras-chave: fungos anamorfos, taxonomia, diversidade e sucessão de fungos.Conidial fungi associated with the leaf litter of plant species in Brazil. The conidial fungi have significant importance in the plant debris decomposition. In Brazil, several studies have been conducted with this group and in some of them was possible to relate the plant species to the fungal species associated. This work aimed to make a checklist, based on the literature, of conidial fungi associated with leaf litter from 14 plant species found in Brazil's natural ecosystems. The methodologies used in different studies analyzed were compared.
A murcha de ceratocystis é uma importante doença do cacaueiro causada por Ceratocystis cacaofunesta. O fungo pode penetrar na planta através de ferimentos durante os tratos culturais, por meio de inseto vetor ou diretamente pelas raízes. Este trabalho objetivou testar a inoculação de C. cacaofunesta em raízes de cacaueiros propagadas por miniestaquia em espuma fenólica para seleção de resistência. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau da Ceplac, Ilhéus, BA. Foram usadas miniestacas de ramos plagiotrópicos medindo de 6 a 10 cm de comprimento dos clones CCN-51, CEPEC-2002, cacau JACA, PH-16 e PS-1319. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados e os tratamentos formados pelos clones com quatro repetições, seis miniestacas/repetição. O substrato usado para enraizamento foi espuma fenólica, as miniestacas foram mantidas em câmara de nebulização e após 60 dias foram inoculadas nas raízes. As raízes foram inicialmente aparadas para obtenção de lesões para facilitar a penetração do fungo e em seguida foram imersas por 24 h em 1L de inóculo de C. cacaofunesta (3,0 x 10 4 ui/mL). A avaliação ocorreu 15 dias após a inoculação pela contagem de sobrevivência das estacas. Verificou-se diferença significativa (P<0,01) para número de miniestacas sobreviventes, o cacau JACA teve 100% de sobrevivência, enquanto que CCN-51 apresentou menor sobrevivência (17%). Os clones CEPEC-2002 e PS-1319 com 63%, não diferiram do PH-16 (38%). O método mostrou-se fácil e de rápida execução e confirmou o comportamento dos clones cacau JACA (resistente) e CCN-51 (suscetível) a C. cacaofunesta, o que sugere o seu uso para selecionar genótipos de cacaueiro resistentes à murcha de Ceratocystis. Palavras-chave: Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, Theobroma cacao, estaquia de cacaueiro Mini cutting in phenolie foom: new tool to Ceratocystis wilt resistance evaluation in cocoa. The Ceratocystis wilt is an important cacao disease caused by Ceratocystis cacaofunesta. The fungus can penetrate the plant through injuries during cultivation, by insect vector or directly by the roots. This study aimed to test the inoculation of C. cacaofunesta in cacao roots propagated by minicutting as a test to select for disease resistance. The experiment was conducted at the Cocoa Research Center Ceplac, Ilheus, BA. Minicutting of plagiotropic branches measuring between 6 to 10 cm length of the clones CCN-51, CEPEC-2002, cacao JACA, PH-16 and PS-1319 were used in a randomized blocks design with four replications of six plants per clone. The substrate used to rooting was phenolic foam, and cuttings were kept in a mist chamber and after 60 days were inoculated on the roots. The roots were trimmed to facilitate the fungus penetration and then were immersed for 24 h in 1 L of C. cacaofunesta inoculum suspension (3.0 x 104 iu/ml). The evaluation occurred 15 days after inoculation by counting the amount of surviving cuttings. Significant difference was found (P <0.01) cacao JACA with survival of 100%, while CCN-51 showed the lowest survival (17%). The clones CEPEC-2002...
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